新疆某千米埋深隧道断层控制地热成因及热害评价

柴琛; 周昌; 夏钊; 王修春; 梁龙飞; 董青红

doi:10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20240290

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新疆某千米埋深隧道断层控制地热成因及热害评价

更新时间：2026-11-05

- 新疆某千米埋深隧道断层控制地热成因及热害评价
- Bulletin of Geological Science and Technology Vol. 44, Issue 4, Pages: 304-315(2025)
- 作者机构：
  
  1. 中国矿业大学资源与地球科学学院
  2. 湖南省水务规划设计院有限公司
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20240290
  CLC： P314;U452.11
- Online First：11 June 2025，
  
  Published：11 June 2025
- 稿件说明：
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柴琛, 周昌, 夏钊, et al. 新疆某千米埋深隧道断层控制地热成因及热害评价[J]. Bulletin of Geological Science and Technology, 2025, 44(4): 304-315.
DOI：

柴琛, 周昌, 夏钊, et al. 新疆某千米埋深隧道断层控制地热成因及热害评价[J]. Bulletin of Geological Science and Technology, 2025, 44(4): 304-315. DOI： 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20240290.

摘要

深部隧道建设受到各种地质活动的影响，其中地热活动严重影响了施工安全和效率，而目前研究缺乏对地热成因的实例研究。以拟建新疆某高速公路隧道（最大埋深1 348 m）为例，通过物探、钻探、水文地球化学、热红外遥感、无人机等方法得到该隧道工程地质、水文地质特征，对隧道附近温泉分布和高温等特征进行了研究。结果表明：温泉仅分布在F36与F37断裂交汇处EN方向的沟谷地区；研究区存在低电阻岩体破碎带，尤其分布在断层和温泉点附近；同时温泉水样矿化度与阿尔先河水相比相差很大，温度也略高于周围地层。研究得出研究区内地热水形成机制：地热水并非由较近的阿尔先河水补给，而是由大气降水和3 000 m外的冰雪融水补给，地下水汇聚到F35、F36、F37断层交汇点附近在地下约200 m处遇深部热源加热，高温地下水沿2个断层交汇处裂隙向地表流动。同时采用了层次分析法对该隧道拟建线路开展热害评估，将断层、地温、隧道涌水、围岩岩性4个因素作为主要影响因子，评估结果表明，B8线路分值最低，说明其受热害影响程度最小，判断B8线为最优线路。本研究揭示了深埋隧道地热活动的形成机制与分布规律，为高寒山区隧道热害防治提供了科学依据。

Abstract

ObjectiveDeep tunnel construction is impacted by various geological processes

with geothermal activity significantly affecting construction safety and efficiency. However

case studies specifically revealing geothermal genesis remain scarce. MethodsAn integrated approach employing geophysical exploration

drilling

hydrogeochemical analysis

thermal infrared remote sensing

and UAV surveys was utilized to characterize the engineering geological and hydrogeological conditions of a planned expressway tunnel in Xinjiang (maximum burial depth: 1348 m)

with specific focus on adjacent hot springs and high-temperature phenomena. ResultsResults show that hot springs are exclusively distributed within the valley area northeast of the intersection between the F36 and F37 faults. Low-resistance fractured rock masses are presented within the study area

particularly concentrated near fault zones and hot spring locations. Additionally

hot spring water samples exhibit significantly higher mineralization compared to the Arxian River water

along with slightly elevated temperatures relative to the ambient strata. ConclusionBased on aformentioned findings

the geothermal water formation mechanism within the study area is proposed. Recharge occurs not from the proximal Arxian River

but from atmospheric precipitation and meltwater sourced from distal glaciers/snowfields approximately 3 km away. These recharged groundwaters converge near the F35-F36-F37 fault intersection

where it is heated at about 200 m depth by a deep-seated heat source before ascending along fractures in the fault zone towards the surface. Furthermore

employing the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) for thermal hazard assessment of present planned tunnel alignments-considering faults

geothermal gradient

water inflow potential

and surrounding rock lithology as key factors-identified alignment B8 as optimal

evidenced by its lowest AHP score indicating minimal thermal hazard impact. This study elucidates the formation mechanisms and distribution patterns of geothermal activity in deep-buried tunnels

providing a scientific basis for thermal hazard mitigation in high-altitude permafrost regions.

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