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1.武汉大学测绘学院,湖北 武汉,430079
2.武汉大学卫星导航定位技术研究中心,湖北 武汉,430079
Revised:2026-08-28,
Published:05 October 2026
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刘万科,雷维豪,胡捷,等.城市场景低成本GNSS/INS/视觉紧耦合高精度定位方法[J].测绘地理信息,2026,51(5):68-75
LIU Wanke,LEI Weihao,HU Jie,et al.Low-Cost GNSS/INS/Visual Tightly Coupled Precise Positioning for Urban Environments[J].Journal of Geomatics,2026,51(5):68-75
刘万科,雷维豪,胡捷,等.城市场景低成本GNSS/INS/视觉紧耦合高精度定位方法[J].测绘地理信息,2026,51(5):68-75 DOI: 10.14188/j.2095-6045.20260390.
LIU Wanke,LEI Weihao,HU Jie,et al.Low-Cost GNSS/INS/Visual Tightly Coupled Precise Positioning for Urban Environments[J].Journal of Geomatics,2026,51(5):68-75 DOI: 10.14188/j.2095-6045.20260390.
提出了一种面向低成本传感器的GNSS/INS/视觉紧耦合定位算法,该算法以扩展卡尔曼滤波为融合框架,融合GNSS、INS和视觉原始观测值实现全局高精度的位姿信息解算。针对视觉信息利用不充分难以抑制惯导误差累积的问题,采用长短期混合式视觉更新方式,将长期跟踪的视觉特征作为待优化参数,挖掘其多帧共视关系以提升系统精度维持能力;针对卫星信号频繁遮挡导致异常观测值较多的问题,提出视觉/惯导辅助的GNSS质量控制方法,利用视觉/惯导先验位置辅助伪距粗差和相位周跳的识别和处理,避免异常观测值污染系统定位结果。城市场景下的车载实验结果表明,提出算法的三维位姿误差均方根误差分别为0.43 m和0.91 °,实现了城市复杂场景下的分米级定位;与商业产品VisionRTK2设备输出结果对比,三维位置精度提升了12.2%,定位精度和鲁棒性更优。
Accurate and reliable pose information is essential for location-based applications such as assisted driving, mobile robot navigation, and unmanned aerial vehicle delivery. GNSS/INS/vision integrated positioning can achieve high-accuracy positioning and navigation in urban environments by exploiting the complementary strengths of the three types of sensors. However, the poor data quality of low-cost sensors makes existing multi-sensor fusion methods insufficient for low-cost mass-market navigation. To address this issue, this paper proposes a tightly coupled GNSS/INS/vision positioning algorithm suitable for low-cost sensors. An extended Kalman filter is adopted as the fusion framework to jointly process raw GNSS, INS, and visual measurements for global high-accuracy pose estimation. To reduce inertial error accumulation caused by insufficient utilization of visual information, a hybrid long-term and short-term visual update strategy is introduced. Long-tracked visual features are included as optimization states to exploit multi-frame co-visibility and improve accuracy maintenance. In addition, a vision/inertial-aided GNSS quality control method is proposed to address frequent abnormal observations caused by satellite signal blockage. The vision/inertial prior position is used to assist the detection and handling of pseudorange outliers and carrier-phase cycle slips, thereby preventing abnormal observations from degrading the positioning results. Vehicle experiments in urban environments show that the proposed method achieves RMSEs of 0.43 m and 0.91 ° for three-dimensional position and attitude, respectively, enabling decimeter-level positioning in complex urban environments. Compared with the output of the commercial VisionRTK2 device, the proposed method improves the three-dimensional positioning accuracy by 12.2% and provides better positioning accuracy and robustness.
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