Failure patterns of soil–rock mixture slopes under extreme rainfall: A flume modelling test study

Guo Zheheng; Su Zhengyang; Wang Kaiyu; You Ming; Wang Shun

doi:10.14188/j.1671-8844.2026.0041

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Failure patterns of soil–rock mixture slopes under extreme rainfall: A flume modelling test study

更新时间：2026-10-15

- Failure patterns of soil–rock mixture slopes under extreme rainfall: A flume modelling test study
- Engineering Journal of Wuhan University Pages: 1-12(2026)
- 作者机构：
  
  1.武汉大学水资源工程与调度全国重点试验室，湖北武汉 430072
  2.武汉大学水利水电学院水工程风险与防灾研究所，湖北武汉 430072
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.14188/j.1671-8844.2026.0041
  CLC： P642.22
- Online First：15 October 2026，
- 稿件说明：
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Guo Zheheng, Su Zhengyang, Wang Kaiyu, et al. Failure patterns of soil–rock mixture slopes under extreme rainfall: A flume modelling test study[J/OL]. Engineering Journal of Wuhan University, 2026, 1-12.
DOI：

Guo Zheheng, Su Zhengyang, Wang Kaiyu, et al. Failure patterns of soil–rock mixture slopes under extreme rainfall: A flume modelling test study[J/OL]. Engineering Journal of Wuhan University, 2026, 1-12. DOI： 10.14188/j.1671-8844.2026.0041.

摘要

基于滑槽模型试验，模拟不同降雨强度、坡度及含石量条件下土石混合体边坡的变形与破坏过程，结合体积含水率、孔隙水压力和土压力等多源监测数据，分析其失稳演化特征及主控影响因素。结果表明，土石混合体边坡在降雨入渗过程中呈现明显的阶段性演化特征，失稳过程可归纳为坡脚软化、牵引式崩塌和整体滑移三个典型阶段。降雨强度和坡度的增大显著加快了坡体渗流–变形耦合过程，导致失稳时间提前、破坏范围扩大；而含石量的提高通过增强骨架结构与排水通道作用，有效抑制孔隙水压力积聚，从而显著提升边坡稳定性。随着降雨强度与坡度的增加，体积含水率、孔隙水压力及土压力的峰值均显著增大，而随含石量增加，上述响应指标整体呈下降趋势。本研究从试验尺度上揭示了土石混合体边坡在降雨作用下的多场耦合致滑机理，可为此类边坡稳定性评价与防灾减灾工程提供重要理论依据。

Abstract

A series of flume modelling tests were conducted to investigate the deformation and failure processes of soil–rock mixture slopes under different scenarios

considering various rainfall intensities

slope gradients

and rock contents. Some key monitoring data

including volumetric water content

pore water pressure

and earth pressure

were used to analyze the evolutionary characteristics and dominant controlling factors of rainfall-induced failure. The results indicate that the instability of soil–rock mixture slopes during rainfall infiltration exhibits distinct stage-dependent behavior

which can be generalized into three typical phases: toe softening

traction-type collapse

and overall sliding. Increasing rainfall intensity and slope gradient significantly accelerate the coupled seepage–deformation process

leading to earlier failure and larger damage extent

whereas a higher rock content enhances the skeleton structure and drainage pathways

effectively suppressing pore water pressure accumulation and thereby improving overall slope stability. The peak values of volumetric water content

pore water pressure

and earth pressure increase with increasing rainfall intensity and slope gradient

but decrease overall with increasing rock content. This study reveals the multi-field coupled failure mechanism of soil–rock mixture slopes under rainfall

providing an important theoretical basis for stability assessment and disaster prevention of such slopes.

关键词

Keywords

references

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