Lightning is a significant factor threatening the safe and stable operation of power grids. Scientific lightning risk assessment is crucial for formulating targeted protection measures. This paper reviews the development trajectory of lightning risk assessment technology for power grids

categorizing it into 4 representative stages

and summarizes the technical characteristics

advantages

and limitations of each one. Early-stage assessment method based on empirical formulas relies on empirical parameters

which is simple and easy to use but lacks precision. With the deepening of research into the physical mechanisms of lightning strikes

assessment technology founded on mathematical analysis models of lightning shielding improves theoretical accuracy

yet faces limitations in complex application scenarios

and the equivalence of simulation of certain key physical processes to natural lightning phenomena remains questionable. Advances in information technology propels precise assessment based on physical parameters derived from wide-area light detection and ranging (LiDAR) scanning and so on. Subsequently

real-time dynamic assessment technology that integrates lightning detection and early warning information has emerged

further promoting dynamic assessment and active protection technologies for new-type power system. Future technology will develop towards the direction of refined parameter acquisition

real-time risk assessment

and intelligent model construction

providing enhanced technical supports for lightning protection of power grid.