With the advancement of the “dual-carbon” goals

the installed capacity of new energy power generation continues to increase

among which the wind power plays a critical role in the energy structure adjustment. Wind turbines are the core components of wind power generation systems; however

the fire risks exist. Fires primarily occur in key areas such as the nacelle

blades

and tower

significantly jeopardizing the safe operation of wind turbines. This paper reviews the characteristics of wind turbine fires

monitoring and warning technologies

and fire-extinguishing techniques

with a focus on analyzing the causes of fires

structural thermal balance characteristics

material combustion properties

monitoring and warning methods

fire-extinguishing agents

and fire-extinguishing equipment and systems. Through a comparative analysis of existing technologies

recommendations for research on wind turbine fire prevention and control are put forward. These recommendations can serve as a foundation for enhancing fire safety under complex multi-factor operating conditions.