Overvoltage is one of the key factors impairing the safe operation of photovoltaic-energy storage hybrid systems

and the transient response to lightning overvoltage in hybrid system remains unclear yet. In this paper

a transient analysis model of lightning overvoltage for a photovoltaic-energy storage hybrid system (15 MW photovoltaic/5 MW energy storage) is developed based on practical engineering topologies. The transient response characteristics of the hybrid system under three photovoltaic topologies

namely

the centralized

the distributed

and string topologic structures

are investigated. The influences of lightning current waveforms and strike locations on transient overvoltages are analyzed

and comparative analyses among different topologies are conducted. Results indicate that the photovoltaic topology significantly affects the propagation paths and magnitudes of lightning-induced overvoltages. Specifically

the distributed topology experiences the highest peak overvoltage at the directly impacted sub-array

approximately 1.2 times that of the centralized topology and 1.18 times that of the string topology. In the centralized topology

adjacent branch arrays exhibit the highest average peak overvoltages

reaching approximately 2.5 times that of the string topology and 1.5 times that of the distributed topology. Furthermore

the inverter and energy storage interface experience the largest transient overvoltage magnitude under the string topology. These findings can provide valuable references for lightning protection design in photovoltaic-energy storage hybrid systems.