Electrical sensing materials and technologies are fundamental to high-precision and reliable power system measurements

whose innovative development level determines the digitalization and intelligence process of the new power system. This paper reviews the electromagnetic-sensitive materials

passive optical waveguides sensing materials

and micro energy-harvesting materials for advanced sensors

along with intelligent technologies for electrical sensors. Specifically

the strategic importance of advanced electrical sensing materials and technologies is first illustrated

and then the worldwide research and trends are reviewed

followed by the comprehensive summary of the scientific issues and technical challenges. We first present the outlook on China's key research directions and development strategic framework in this field

and then propose solutions to critical bottlenecks in materials

device design

manufacturing processes

and system integration

and outline intelligent upgrade pathways for next-generation sensing equipment.