Effects of aquatic drugs on skin microbiota and immune response of zebrafish

LIU Shuang; XU Juchen; LÜ Yabing; FAN Yihui; HOU Jie; HE Xugang

doi:10.13300/j.cnki.hnlkxb.2026.01.026

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Effects of aquatic drugs on skin microbiota and immune response of zebrafish

Animal science·Veterinary medicine | 更新时间：2026-11-05

- Effects of aquatic drugs on skin microbiota and immune response of zebrafish
- Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University Vol. 45, Issue 1, Pages: 289-299(2026)
- 作者机构：
  
  1.华中农业大学水产学院，武汉430070
  2.教育部长江经济带大宗水生生物产业绿色发展教育部工程研究中心；/农业农村部水产养殖设施工程重点实验室，武汉430070
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.13300/j.cnki.hnlkxb.2026.01.026
  CLC： S948;S917.4
- Received：14 May 2025，
  
  Published：15 January 2026
- 稿件说明：
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刘双，徐聚臣，吕亚兵，等.水产药物对斑马鱼皮肤菌群及免疫应答的影响［J］.华中农业大学学报，2026，45（1）：289‐299.

LIU Shuang,XU Juchen,LÜ Yabing,et al.Effects of aquatic drugs on skin microbiota and immune response of zebrafish[J].Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University,2026,45(01):289-299.
刘双，徐聚臣，吕亚兵，等.水产药物对斑马鱼皮肤菌群及免疫应答的影响［J］.华中农业大学学报，2026，45（1）：289‐299. DOI： 10.13300/j.cnki.hnlkxb.2026.01.026.

LIU Shuang,XU Juchen,LÜ Yabing,et al.Effects of aquatic drugs on skin microbiota and immune response of zebrafish[J].Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University,2026,45(01):289-299. DOI： 10.13300/j.cnki.hnlkxb.2026.01.026.

摘要

为探究水产养殖中广泛使用抗生素与消毒剂对鱼类皮肤屏障健康的潜在风险，将斑马鱼（

Danio rerio

）分别暴露于25 μg/mL 利福平（rifampicin，RIF）、10 μg/mL 土霉素（oxytetracycline，OTC）、2 mg/L 高锰酸钾（pota

ssium permanganate，KMnO

）和0.1 mg/L 二氧化氯（chlorine dioxide，ClO

）溶液12 h，通过实时荧光定量PCR和16S rRNA高通量测序分别检测斑马鱼皮肤免疫应答以及微生物菌群的变化。结果显示：抗生素和消毒剂的暴露使斑马鱼皮肤炎症相关基因白介素-1β（

IL⁃1β

）、白介素-6（

IL⁃6

）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（

TNF⁃α

）表达量显著上调（

0.05）；免疫球蛋白I

、补体

以及黏蛋白

Muc2

基因的相对表达量也显著上调（

0.05）；皮肤菌群的Alpha多样性指数显著降低（

0.05）。主坐标分析（PCoA）和度量多维尺度分析（NMDS）结果显示，对照组与暴露组微生物聚类出现显著分离；相较对照组，各暴露组变形菌门（Proteobacteria）相对丰度均增加，而拟杆菌门（Bacteroidota）和厚壁菌门（Firmicutes）相对丰度下降；各暴露组不动杆菌属（

Acinetobacter

）相对丰度上升，尤其是在KMnO

暴露组中相对丰度高达65.36%。综上，抗生素与消毒剂暴露诱发斑马鱼皮肤出现炎症反应、共生菌群失调，削弱了皮肤的免疫屏障功能，进而损害鱼体健康。

Abstract

Zebrafish were exposed to 25 μg/mL rifampicin （RIF），10 μg/mL oxytetracycline （OTC），2 mg/L potassium permanganate （KMnO

），and 0.1 mg/L chlorine dioxide （ClO

） for 12 hours to study the potential risks of the widespread use of antibiotics and disinfectants in aquaculture on the skin microbiota and immune responses of fish.Real time fluorescence quantitative PCR （qPCR） and 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing were used to detect the immune responses and changes in the skin microbiota in zebrafish.The results showed that the exposure to antibiotics and disinfectants significantly upregulated the expression of inflammation-related genes including interleukin-1β （

IL⁃1β

），interleukin-6 （

IL⁃6

），and tumor necrosis factor-α （

TNF⁃α

） in zebrafish skin compared to the control group （

0.05）.The relative expression level of immunoglobulin

IgM

，complement

，and mucin

Muc2

gene was significantly upregulated （

0.05） as well.The Alpha-diversity indices including Chao1，Shannon，Ace，and Sobs of skin microbiota significantly decreased （

0.05）.The results of principal

coordinates analysis （PCoA） and non-metric multidimensional scaling （NMDS） showed that there was a significant separation in microbial clustering between the control group and the exposure group.Compared to the control group，the relative abundance of

Proteobacteria

increased in all exposed groups，while the relative abundance of

Bacteroidota

and

Firmicutes

decreased.The relative abundance of

Acinetobacter

increased in each exposure group，especially in the KMnO

treated group where the relative abundance reached as high as 65.36%.It is indicated that the exposure to antibiotics and disinfectants can induce inflammatory reactions and dysbiosis in zebrafish skin，weakening the function of immune barrier in skin and ultimately damaging the health of fish.

关键词

Keywords

references

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