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1.华中农业大学水产学院,武汉 430070
2.长江经济带大宗水生生物产业绿色发展教育部工程研究中心,武汉 430070
Received:03 June 2024,
Published:05 July 2025
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陈婧怡,侯亮,林深,等.清江流域恩施段浮游生物及鱼类资源现状调查[J].华中农业大学学报,2025,44(4):204‐219.
CHEN Jingyi,HOU Liang,LIN Shen,et al.Survey on status of plankton and fish resources in Enshi Section of Qingjiang River Basin[J].Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University,2025,44(04):204-219.
陈婧怡,侯亮,林深,等.清江流域恩施段浮游生物及鱼类资源现状调查[J].华中农业大学学报,2025,44(4):204‐219. DOI: 10.13300/j.cnki.hnlkxb.2025.04.020.
CHEN Jingyi,HOU Liang,LIN Shen,et al.Survey on status of plankton and fish resources in Enshi Section of Qingjiang River Basin[J].Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University,2025,44(04):204-219. DOI: 10.13300/j.cnki.hnlkxb.2025.04.020.
为了解清江流域恩施段浮游生物及鱼类资源现状,于2023年1月、4月、7月对清江流域恩施段干流及长偏河、小溪河、忠建河、马水河等支流的浮游植物、浮游动物和鱼类等水生生物资源进行调查分析。共检出浮游植物 8 门 100 种(包括变种),其中绿藻门种类数最多,有 28 种;优势种 19 种,以蓝藻门为主;浮游植物种类、密度和生物量呈上升趋势。检出浮游动物 4 类 40 科 55 属,其中原生动物种类数最多,有 25 属;优势种浮游动物 3 种,均属于原生动物门;浮游动物种类增多,密度和生物量无明显变化。采集到鱼类 51 种,隶属于 3 目11 科 44 属,其中鲤形目最多,有39种,优势种为尖头鱥、麦穗鱼、马口鱼和䱗。与1987年和1990年清江流域鱼类历史种类数(合计122种)相比,清江流域恩施段现阶段鱼类种类大幅减少,但较2020-2022年(44种)有所增加。清江流域恩施段鱼类整体趋于小型化,生物多样性偏低,长鳍吻鮈、中华倒刺鲃等产漂流性卵的珍稀鱼类资源衰退严重,而以产黏性卵为主的珍稀鱼类如重口裂腹鱼、青石爬鮡和岩原鲤等,以及红鳍原鲌、鲢、鳙等经济鱼类资源量有所回升。上述变化主要与大型水利工程修建、近期的人工增殖放流等活动相关。建议对重口裂腹鱼等产黏性卵鱼类栖息地进行保护和修复,对长鳍吻鮈、中华倒刺鲃等及鲢、鳙定期人工增殖放流,以提高清江流域恩施段水生生物多样性。
To assess the current status of plankton and fish resources in the Enshi Section of the Qingjiang River Basin, surveys and analyses of aquatic biological resources such as phytoplankton, zooplankton, and fish were carried out in January, April, and July 2023 in the mainstem of the Enshi Section of the Qingjiang River Basin and its tributaries, which include the Changpian River, Xiaoxi River, Zhongjian River, and Mashui River.A total of 100 species (including varieties) of phytoplankton were identified in 8 phyla, with 28 species belonging to the Chlorophyta and 19 species classified as dominant within the Cyanophyta.The species diversity, density, and biomass of phytoplankton showed an upward trend.Zooplankton we
re categorized into 4 groups, comprising 40 families and 55 genera, with 25 genera of Protozoa identified as the most aboundant.Three species of zooplankton were found to be dominant, all belonging to the Protozoa.Although the number of zooplankton species increased, there were no significant changes in density or biomass.A total of 51 species of fish were collected, classified into 3 orders, 11 families, and 44 genera, with the Cypriniformes representing the largest number of species at 39.The dominant fish species included
Rhynchocypris oxycephalus
,
Pseudorasbora parva
,
Opsariichthys bidens
and
Hemiculter leucisculus
.The number of fish species in the Enshi Section of the Qingjiang River Basin decreased significantly compared to the historical data from 1987 and 1990, which recorded a total of 122 species.However, there has been an increase in species diversity compared to the survey data from 2020 to 2022, which identified 44 species.Fish in the Enshi Section of the Qingjiang River Basin tend to be miniaturized and exhibit low biodiversity.Rare fish species such as
Rhinogobio ventralis
and
Spinibarbus sinensis
, which produce drifting eggs, are in serious decline, but the population of rare fish that primarily produce adhesive eggs, such as
Schizothorax davidi
,
Euchiloglanis david,
and
Procypris rabaudi
, as well as economiclly important fish like
Cultrichthys erythropterus,
have shown signs of recovery.These changes are mainly related to the changes in hydrological conditions resulting from the development and construction of large-scale water conservancy projects.It is recommended that the habitat of stickleback egg-laying fishes, such as
Schizothorax davidi,
be protected and restored.Additionally, we recommend the regular implementation of artificial enhancement and the release of fishes species such as
R. ventralis
,
S. sinensis
,
Hypophthalmichthys molitrix
, and
Aristichthys nobilis
.These methods aim to improve aquatic biodiversity in the Enshi Section of the Qingjiang River Basin.
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