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1.华中农业大学资源与环境学院/微量元素研究中心/农业农村部长江中下游耕地保育重点实验室, 武汉 430070
2.江西省农业技术推广中心,南昌 330046
3.湖北省耕地质量与肥料工作总站,武汉 430070
4.湖北省咸宁市咸安区土壤肥料工作站,咸宁 430070
Received:08 November 2024,
Published:05 July 2025
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冉文昊,徐芳森,史仕军,等.我国酸性土壤区油菜耐酸高产技术与综合利用模式[J].华中农业大学学报,2025,44(4):1‐10.
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冉文昊,徐芳森,史仕军,等.我国酸性土壤区油菜耐酸高产技术与综合利用模式[J].华中农业大学学报,2025,44(4):1‐10. DOI: 10.13300/j.cnki.hnlkxb.2025.04.001.
RAN Wenhao,XU Fangsen,SHI Shijun,et al.Technologies and comprehensive utilization models for rapeseed with acid-resistance and high-yield in acidic soils of China[J].Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University,2025,44(04):1-10. DOI: 10.13300/j.cnki.hnlkxb.2025.04.001.
酸性土壤产能低是制约我国粮食安全和农业可持续发展的主要问题之一。在我国土壤酸化问题日趋严峻的背景下,亟需提高油菜对酸性土壤的适应性,实现油菜耐酸高产。为提高油菜产能,实现油菜产业绿色发展,本文提出了5项酸性土壤区提高油菜产能的技术措施,包括筛选耐酸油菜品种、研制耐酸促生种子丸粒化配方、研发耐酸高产配方肥、配施有机肥、使用酸性土壤调理剂等。在此基础上,针对弱酸性土壤、中等酸性土壤和强酸性土壤,提出了区域性油菜耐酸高产技术与综合利用模式,以达到缓解土壤酸化、增加油菜籽粒产量、实现增产增效的目的。阐述了油菜高产抗逆的栽培管理措施,并针对我国农田酸化的趋势,提出了未来酸性土壤区油菜产业高质量发展的实现路径,旨在为保障我国食用油安全提供重要支撑。
The low productivity of acidic soil is one of the main problems limiting the food security and sustainable development of agriculture in China.It is urgent to improve the adaptability of rapeseed to acidic soils and develop rapeseed with acid-resistance and high-yield with the severe acidification of soil in China.Five technical measures including screening rapeseed varieties with acid-resistance,developing the formulas of acid-tolerant seed granulation,developing formula fertilizer for rapeseed with acid tolerance and high yield,applying organic fertilizers,and using conditioners for acidic soil were put forward to increase the production capacity of rapeseed and realize the green development of the rapeseed industry.Regional high-yield technologies and comprehensive utilization models for rapeseed with acid-resistance in terms of the slightly,moderately and strongly acidic soils were proposed to alleviate the acidification of soil,increase the yield of rapeseed,and achieve the goal of increasing yield and efficiency.The measures of cultivating and managing rapeseed with high-yield and stress resistance were elaborated.A path for developing rapeseed industry with high-quality in the future in acidic soil areas in response to the trend of farmland acidification in China was proposed to provide important guarantees for ensuring the security of edible oil in China.
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