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1.武汉大学测绘遥感信息工程全国重点实验室,湖北 武汉,430079
2.中国林业科学研究院资源信息研究所,北京,100091
3.中国林业科学研究院森林生态环境与自然保护研究所,北京,100091
4.中国科学院植物研究所,北京,100093
5.南京大学国际地球系统科学研究所,江苏 南京,210023
6.空天信息大学遥感科学与技术学院,山东 济南,250200
7.国家林业和草原局林草调查规划院,北京,100714
8.北京大学地球与空间科学学院遥感与地理信息系统研究所,北京,100871
9.武汉大学遥感信息工程学院,湖北 武汉,430079
Received:28 September 2026,
Published:05 November 2026
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梁欣廉,陈健昌,庞勇,等.近景森林感知:现状、挑战与展望[J].武汉大学学报(信息科学版),2026,51(11):2395-2423.
LIANG Xinlian,CHEN Jianchang,PANG Yong,et al.Close⁃Range Sensing of Forest: Status, Challenges, and Prospects[J].Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University,2026,51(11):2395-2423.
梁欣廉,陈健昌,庞勇,等.近景森林感知:现状、挑战与展望[J].武汉大学学报(信息科学版),2026,51(11):2395-2423. DOI:10.13203/j.whugis20260399
LIANG Xinlian,CHEN Jianchang,PANG Yong,et al.Close⁃Range Sensing of Forest: Status, Challenges, and Prospects[J].Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University,2026,51(11):2395-2423. DOI:10.13203/j.whugis20260399
近景感知以接触、非接触方式从近距离观测目标,具有分辨率高、信息维度广、平台灵活多样、场景适应性强等特点,是获取对象真实特征的重要途径,也是连接地面真实场景与航空、卫星遥感观测的关键桥梁。随着观测平台、传感器和信息解译技术的快速发展,加之行业应用场景持续拓展,近景感知取得跨越式发展,正由静态、单源、单次、人工观测向移动、多源、连续和自主方式演进,已形成较完备的软硬件与应用体系,涵盖平台、传感器、数据融合、识别解译、定量反演、变化检测及行业应用等关键环节。在森林环境中,近景感知通过获取样地、单木乃至枝干、叶片等多尺度结构、光谱及动态信息,实现从宏观林分到微观特征的多级定量表达,支撑森林参数精准反演、生长动态监测及生态过程机理研究,并广泛应用于森林资源监测、碳汇计量、健康评估、生物多样性评价和智慧经营等领域。当前,近景森林感知正处于快速发展阶段,面临观测信息时空完整度不足、多源数据协同能力有限、数据与评价标准不统一、跨区域泛化能力不足及多尺度误差传播等问题。围绕平台与传感器、数据处理、应用场景3个层面,梳理近景森林感知发展脉络,总结研究进展与现状,分析面临的关键挑战。进一步,近景森林感知研究应加强对观测完整性、实施方案标准化、跨平台跨区域迁移能力的关注,推动开发物理生态约束融合解决方案,并结合自主感知、边缘计算和数字孪生,推动观测体系向全面、规范、可信和机理驱动方向发展,构建一体化协同观测与人工智能深度融合的新型森林监测体系。
Close-range sensing observes objects at target-to-sensor distances ranging from contact or non-contact short range up to several hundred meters or more. It delivers high-resolution
multi-dimensional sensing capabilities through flexible and deployable platforms
enabling robust adaptation to diverse environmental conditions. In addition to enabling detailed characterization of the observed targets
close-range sensing provides a critical bridge between ground-based measurements of real-world conditions and observations from airborne and satellite remote sensing platforms. Over the past three decades
rapid advances in terrestrial
mobile
and unmanned aerial vehicle platforms
coupled with innovations in light detection and ranging
multispectral
hyperspectral
and thermal infrared sensors
together with the development of artificial intelligence-based information interpretation methods and the expanding application scenarios
have propelled the rapid development of close-range sensing. The observation approaches are transitioning from static
single-source
single-temporal
and manually operated observations toward mobile
multi-source
continuous
and autonomous sensing paradigms. In parallel
an integrated ecosystem of hardware
software
and applications has been established
spanning sensing platforms
advanced sensors
multi-source data fusion
information extraction and interpretation
quantitative retrieval
change detection
and domain-specific applications. In forest environments
close-range sensing acquires structural
spectral
and temporal information at the plot
tree
branch
and leaf levels
enabling quantitative characterization. It supports accurate retrieval of forest parameters
monitoring of growth dynamics
and mechanistic investigations of ecological processes. And it has been widely applied to forest resource monitoring
carbon sink quantification
forest health assessment
biodiversity assessment
and intelligent forest management. Currently
close-range sensing of forest environments is still facing several challenges
including incomplete observations
limited interoperability among multi-source data
the lack of unified data and evaluation standards
weak cross-regional generalization capability
and error propagation across scales. This paper overviews the development of close-range sensing of forest environments
summarizes current research progress and the state-of-the-art
and analyzes key challenges from hardware
processing
and application. Future research should place greater emphasis on observation completeness
standardization of implementation procedures
and cross-platform and cross-regional transferability. Autonomous sensing and artificial intelligence should be further integrated to develop a new forest monitoring framework characterized by comprehensive observations
reliable information extraction
and mechanism-informed understanding.
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