
浏览全部资源
扫码关注微信
1.中南大学地球科学与信息物理学院,湖南 长沙,410012
2.武汉大学测绘学院,湖北 武汉,430079
Received:29 September 2026,
Published:05 November 2026
移动端阅览
李建成,邹贤才,李志伟,等.星地空天信息智能协同与计算[J].武汉大学学报(信息科学版),2026,51(11):2239-2251.
LI Jiancheng,ZOU Xiancai,LI Zhiwei,et al.Intelligent Satellite-Ground Synergy and Computing for Aerospace Information[J].Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University,2026,51(11):2239-2251.
李建成,邹贤才,李志伟,等.星地空天信息智能协同与计算[J].武汉大学学报(信息科学版),2026,51(11):2239-2251. DOI:10.13203/j.whugis20260397
LI Jiancheng,ZOU Xiancai,LI Zhiwei,et al.Intelligent Satellite-Ground Synergy and Computing for Aerospace Information[J].Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University,2026,51(11):2239-2251. DOI:10.13203/j.whugis20260397
回顾了武汉大学测绘学科自1956年创建以来,围绕服务国家使命历经传统测绘、数字化测绘、信息化测绘3个阶段的发展历程与主要成就。在精密测量、计算机、人工智能、宇航科技与通信技术交叉融合的背景下,阐述了测绘学科研究对象由地球及其他实体与地理空间分布有关的属性为主拓展为空天信息的变革趋势,明确了空天信息的定义与内涵;结合国家安全、灾害监测与应急、社会治理、自然资源管理、海洋管控、深空探测等领域的案例,指出空天信息事关国家安全和发展全局,是全球争夺的战略制高点。揭示了传统单星采集、地面处理模式在传输、处理、应用等多个维度上的结构性矛盾;系统分析了全球空天竞争由卫星规模比拼转向星上智能处理、星间协同与地面自主决策能力竞争的态势,指出学科转型的方向是空天信息科学与技术,而星地空天信息智能协同与计算正是转型的制高点与切入点,并提出其基本概念、总体架构与关键科学问题。分析了从“天感地算”到星地协同的范式变革,指出其是应对我国未来星座建设关键挑战、把握重大机遇的必然选择,并从人才培养与科研管理模式两个维度讨论了依托传统测绘学科,转型发展建设空天信息国家战略科技力量的可能路径。
This paper reviews the development of the surveying and mapping discipline at Wuhan University since its founding in 1956
tracing three stages of serving national missions:traditional surveying and mapping
digital surveying and mapping
and informatized surveying and mapping
and summarizing its major achievements. Against the background of the interdisciplinary synergy of precision measurement
computer
artificial intelligence
astronautics
and communication technologies
the evolutionary trend of the surveying and mapping discipline
shifting its research focus from the geospatial distribution-relating properties of the Earth and other entities to aerospace information
and the concept and scope of aerospace information are defined. Case studies in national security
disaster monitoring and emergency response
social governance
natural resource management
maritime governance
and deep space exploration show that aerospace information bears upon the overarching interests of national security and development
representing a key strategic battleground in global competition. The traditional paradigm of sensing in space and computing on ground is shown to suffer from structural contradictions in transmission
processing
and application. Global aerospace competition is shifting from satellite numbers toward system capabilities that integrate on-orbit intelligent processing
inter-satellite synergy
and autonomous ground decision-making. This paper argues that the discipline should transform toward aerospace information science and technology
with intelligent satellite-ground synergy and computing as the commanding height and entry point of this transformation
and proposes its basic concept
overall architecture
and key scientific problems. The paradigm shift from“sensing in space
computing on ground”to satellite-ground synergy is a necessary choice for meeting the key challenges and seizing the major opportunities in China's future constellation construction. Furthermore
from the two dimensions of talent training and scientific research management modes
it discusses the potential paths for leveraging traditional surveying and mapping disciplines to transform and develop national strategic technological forces in aerospace information.
李建成 , 陈俊勇 , 宁津生 , 等 . 地球重力场逼近理论与中国2000似大地水准面的确定 [M]. 武汉 : 武汉大学出版社 , 2003 .
LI Jiancheng , CHEN Junyong , NING Jinsheng , et al . Approximation Theory of Earth Gravity Field and Determination of China 2000 Quasi-Geoid [M]. Wuhan : Wuhan University Press , 2003 .
宁津生 . 测绘学概论 [M]. 2版 . 武汉 : 武汉大学出版社 , 2008 .
NING Jinsheng . Introduction to Geomatics [M]. 2nd ed . Wuhan : Wuhan University Press , 2008 .
王之卓 . 摄影测量原理 [M]. 武汉 : 武汉大学出版社 , 2007 .
WANG Zhizhuo . Photogrammetry Principle [M]. Wuhan : Wuhan University Press , 2007 .
张祖勋 , 段延松 , 张永军 , 等 . 数字摄影测量学 [M]. 3版 . 武汉 : 武汉大学出版社 , 2023 .
ZHANG Zuxun , DUAN Yansong , ZHANG Yongjun , et al . Digital Photogrammetry [M]. 3rd ed . Wuhan : Wuhan University Press , 2023 .
张剑清 , 柯涛 , 孙明伟 , 等 . 并行计算在航空摄影测量中的应用与实现: 数字摄影测量网格(DPGrid)并行计算技术研究 [J]. 测绘通报 , 2008 ( 12 ): 11 - 14 .
ZHANG Jianqing , KE Tao , SUN Mingwei , et al . Application and Realization of Parallel Computation in Aerophotogrammetry [J]. Bulletin of Surveying and Mapping , 2008 ( 12 ): 11 - 14 .
刘经南 , 刘晖 , 邹蓉 , 等 . 建立全国CORS更新国家地心动态参考框架的几点思考 [J]. 武汉大学学报(信息科学版) , 2009 , 34 ( 11 ): 1261 - 1265 .
LIU Jingnan , LIU Hui , ZOU Rong , et al . Some Thoughts on the Establishment of Nationwide Continuously Operating Reference Stations [J]. Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University , 2009 , 34 ( 11 ): 1261 - 1265 .
龚健雅 . 地理信息系统基础 [M]. 北京 : 科学出版社 , 2001 .
GONG Jianya . Fundamentals of Geographic Information System [M]. Beijing : Science Press , 2001 .
STOCK M , DAVIS R , DE MIRANDÉS E , et al . The Revision of the SI—The Result of Three Decades of Progress in Metrology [J]. Metrologia , 2019 , 56 ( 2 ): 022001 .
SNADDEN M , MCGUIRK J , BOUYER P , et al . Measurement of the Earth’s Gravity Gradient with an Atom Interferometer-Based Gravity Gradiometer [J]. Physical Review Letters , 1998 , 81 ( 5 ): 971 - 974 .
FIXLER J B , FOSTER G T , MCGUIRK J M , et al . Atom Interferometer Measurement of the Newtonian Constant of Gravity [J]. Science , 2007 , 315 ( 5808 ): 74 - 77 .
CHEINEY P , FOUCHÉ L , TEMPLIER S , et al . Navigation-Compatible Hybrid Quantum Accelerometer Using a Kalman Filter [J]. Physical Review Applied , 2018 , 10 ( 3 ): 034030 .
YANG Y X , GAO W G , GUO S R , et al . Introduction to BeiDou-3 Navigation Satellite System [J]. NAVIGATION , 2019 , 66 ( 1 ): 7 - 18 .
YANG Y X , MAO Y , SUN B J . Basic Performance and Future Developments of BeiDou Global Navigation Satellite System [J]. Satellite Navigation , 2020 , 1 ( 1 ): 1 .
中国卫星导航系统管理办公室 . 北斗卫星导航系统发展报告 ( 4 . 0版) [R/OL]. 2019-12-27 . http://www.beidou.gov.cn/yw/xwzx/201912/t20191227_19833.html http://www.beidou.gov.cn/yw/xwzx/201912/t20191227_19833.html .
China Satellite Navigation Office . BeiDou Navigation Satellite System Development Report (Version 4.0) [R/OL]. 2019-12-27 . http://www.beidou.gov.cn/yw/xwzx/201912/t20191227_19833.html http://www.beidou.gov.cn/yw/xwzx/201912/t20191227_19833.html .
BÜRGMANN R , ROSEN P A , FIELDING E J . Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry to Measure Earth’s Surface Topography and Its Deformation [J]. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences , 2000 , 28 : 169 - 209 .
BELWARD A S , SKØIEN J O . Who Launched What, When and Why; Trends in Global Land-Cover Observation Capacity from Civilian Earth Observation Satellites [J]. ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing , 2015 , 103 : 115 - 128 .
于登云 , 汪路元 , 张园园 , 等 . 人工智能赋能航天器应用研究现状与展望 [J]. 中国科学: 信息科学 , 2025 , 55 ( 10 ): 2524 - 2541 .
YU Dengyun , WANG Luyuan , ZHANG Yuanyuan , et al . AI-Enabled Spacecraft Applications: Current Research and Future Prospects [J]. Scientia Sinica (Informationis) , 2025 , 55 ( 10 ): 2524 - 2541 .
ZHANG B , WU Y F , ZHAO B Y , et al . Progress and Challenges in Intelligent Remote Sensing Satellite Systems [J]. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing , 2022 , 15 : 1814 - 1822 .
WANG S G , LI Q . Satellite Computing: Vision and Challenges [J]. IEEE Internet of Things Journal , 2023 , 10 ( 24 ): 22514 - 22529 .
龚健雅 . 人工智能时代测绘遥感技术的发展机遇与挑战 [J]. 武汉大学学报(信息科学版) , 2018 , 43 ( 12 ): 1788 - 1796 .
GONG Jianya . Chances and Challenges for Development of Surveying and Remote Sensing in the Age of Artificial Intelligence [J]. Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University , 2018 , 43 ( 12 ): 1788 - 1796 .
HONG D F , ZHANG B , LI X Y , et al . SpectralGPT: Spectral Remote Sensing Foundation Model [J]. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence , 2024 , 46 ( 8 ): 5227 - 5244 .
GUO X , LAO J W , DANG B , et al . SkySense: A Multi-modal Remote Sensing Foundation Model Towards Universal Interpretation for Earth Observation Imagery [C]// IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR) , Seattle, WA, USA, 2024 .
LU S Q , GUO J L , ZIMMER-DAUPHINEE J R , et al . Vision Foundation Models in Remote Sensing: A Survey [J]. IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Magazine , 2025 , 13 ( 3 ): 190 - 215 .
SODNIK Z , FURCH B , LUTZ H . Optical Intersatellite Communication [J]. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics , 2010 , 16 ( 5 ): 1051 - 1057 .
IVANOV H , MEJRI S , DI MIRA A , et al . Review of Deep Space Optical Communications [J]. International Journal of Satellite Communications and Networking , 2025 , 43 ( 3 ): 193 - 209 .
LI R , LIN B J , LIU Y C , et al . A Survey on Laser Space Network: Terminals, Links, and Architectures [J]. IEEE Access , 2022 , 10 : 34815 - 34834 .
李锐 , 林宝军 , 刘迎春 , 等 . 激光星间链路发展综述: 现状、趋势、展望 [J]. 红外与激光工程 , 2023 , 52 ( 3 ): 20220393 .
LI Rui , LIN Baojun , LIU Yingchun , et al . Review on Laser Intersatellite Link: Current Status, Trends, and Prospects [J]. Infrared and Laser Engineering , 2023 , 52 ( 3 ): 20220393 .
王桥 , 张正 , 唐娉 . 突发性地表异常即时遥感探测机制研究 [J]. 遥感学报 , 2025 , 29 ( 6 ): 1347 - 1364 .
WANG Qiao , ZHANG Zheng , TANG Ping . Mechanism on Immediate Remote Sensing Detection of Abrupt Earth’s Surface Anomalies [J]. National Remote Sensing Bulletin , 2025 , 29 ( 6 ): 1347 - 1364 .
WANG H , SMITH J , GARAFOLA C L . Chinese Military Views of Low Earth Orbit: Proliferation, Starlink, and Desired Countermeasures [R/OL]. 2025-03-24 . https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RRA3139-1.html https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RRA3139-1.html .
JACOBSEN J T , LIEBETRAU T . Infrastructuring Public-Private Relations: Big Tech, the Ukraine War and Implications to Security Governance [J]. European Journal of International Relations , 2026 , 32 ( 1 ): 183 - 208 .
U.S. Department of Defense . 2024 Commercial Space Integration Strategy [R]. Washington D C : U.S. Department of Defense , 2024 .
常钦 . 40个智慧城市时空大数据平台建成 [N]. 人民日报 , 2023-05-18 (4).
CHANG Qin . Forty Smart-City Spatiotemporal Big Data Platforms Completed [N]. People's Daily , 2023-05-18 (4).
王者 . 立体“城市地图”助力智慧管理 [N]. 人民日报 , 2025-05-27 (13).
WANG Zhe . 3D “City Map” Facilitates Smart Management [N]. People's Daily , 2025-05-27 (13).
LI Y J , CHEN S P , HWANG K , et al . Spatio-temporal Data Fusion Techniques for Modeling Digital Twin City [J]. Geo-spatial Information Science , 2025 , 28 ( 2 ): 541 - 564 .
GORELICK N , HANCHER M , DIXON M , et al . Google Earth Engine: Planetary-Scale Geospatial Analysis for Everyone [J]. Remote Sensing of Environment , 2017 , 202 : 18 - 27 .
许强 , 董秀军 , 李为乐 . 基于天-空-地一体化的重大地质灾害隐患早期识别与监测预警 [J]. 武汉大学学报(信息科学版) , 2019 , 44 ( 7 ): 957 - 966 .
XU Qiang , DONG Xiujun , LI Weile . Integrated Space-Air-Ground Early Detection, Monitoring and Warning System for Potential Catastrophic Geohazards [J]. Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University , 2019 , 44 ( 7 ): 957 - 966 .
XU X W , ZHANG X L , WEI S J , et al . Deep Learning for Ship Detection in SAR Images: A Comprehensive Review [J]. Ocean Engineering , 2026 , 355 : 125045 .
GOUDEMANT T , FRANCESCONI B , AUBRUN M , et al . Onboard Anomaly Detection for Marine Environmental Protection [J]. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing , 2024 , 17 : 7918 - 7931 .
国务院新闻办公室 . 2021中国的航天 [M]. 北京 : 人民出版社 , 2022 .
State Council Information Office of the PRC . China's Space Program: A 2021 Perspective [M]. Beijing : People's Publishing House , 2022 .
YANG C , ZHAO H S , BRUZZONE L , et al . Lunar Impact Crater Identification and Age Estimation with Chang’E Data by Deep and Transfer Learning [J]. Nature Communications , 2020 , 11 : 6358 .
RICO D . Project Convergence: Revolutionizing Targeting in Large-Scale Combat Operations [J/OL]. Field Artillery Professional Bulletin , 2025-09-03 . https://www.dvidshub.net/publication/issues/75175 https://www.dvidshub.net/publication/issues/75175 .
World Economic Forum . Space: The $1.8 Trillion Opportunity for Global Economic Growth [R/OL]. 2024-09-25 . https://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_Space_2024.pdf https://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_Space_2024.pdf .
李君强 . 推进商业航天高质量安全发展 [N]. 人民日报 , 2025-11-27 (11).
LI Junqiang . Advancing the High-Quality and Safe Development of Commercial Space [N]. People's Daily , 2025-11-27 (11).
中华人民共和国国民经济和社会发展第十四个五年规划和2035年远景目标纲要 [Z/OL]. 2021-03-11 . https://zhs.mofcom.gov.cn/cms_files/oldfile//zhs/202107/20210715110152880.pdf https://zhs.mofcom.gov.cn/cms_files/oldfile//zhs/202107/20210715110152880.pdf .
Outline of the 14th Five-Year Plan ( 2021 — 2025 ) for National Economic and Social Development and Long-Range Objectives Through the Year 2035 [Z/OL]. 2021-03-11 . https://zhs.mofcom.gov.cn/cms_files/oldfile//zhs/202107/20210715110152880.pdf https://zhs.mofcom.gov.cn/cms_files/oldfile//zhs/202107/20210715110152880.pdf .
中华人民共和国国民经济和社会发展第十五个五年规划纲要 [Z/OL]. 2026-03-13 . https://www.ccps.gov.cn/zl/jj2026qglh/202603/t20260316_170359.html https://www.ccps.gov.cn/zl/jj2026qglh/202603/t20260316_170359.html .
Outline of the 15th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development [Z/OL]. 2026-03-13 . https://www.ccps.gov.cn/zl/jj2026qglh/202603/t20260316_170359.html https://www.ccps.gov.cn/zl/jj2026qglh/202603/t20260316_170359.html .
GIUFFRIDA G , FANUCCI L , MEONI G , et al . The Φ-Sat-1 Mission: The First On-Board Deep Neural Network Demonstrator for Satellite Earth Observation [J]. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing , 2022 , 60 : 5517414 .
RAZZANO F , DI STASIO P , MAURO F , et al . AI Techniques for Near Real-Time Monitoring of Contaminants in Coastal Waters on Board Future -Sat-2 Mission [J]. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing , 2024 , 17 : 16755 - 16766 .
GUERRISI G , DEL FRATE F , SCHIAVON G . Artificial Intelligence Based On-Board Image Compression for the Φ-Sat-2 Mission [J]. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing , 2023 , 16 : 8063 - 8075 .
MEONI G , MÄRTENS M , DERKSEN D , et al . The OPS-SAT Case: A Data-Centric Competition for Onboard Satellite Image Classification [J]. Astrodynamics , 2024 , 8 ( 4 ): 507 - 528 .
ZHANG Z J , ZHANG W Y , TSENG F H . Satellite Mobile Edge Computing: Improving QoS of High-Speed Satellite-Terrestrial Networks Using Edge Computing Techniques [J]. IEEE Network , 2019 , 33 ( 1 ): 70 - 76 .
DIANA L , DINI P . Review on Hardware Devices and Software Techniques Enabling Neural Network Inference Onboard Satellites [J]. Remote Sensing , 2024 , 16 ( 21 ): 3957 .
BISWAS A , SRINIVASAN M , ANDREWS K S , et al . Overview of the Deep Space Optical Communications (DSOC) Technology Demonstration [C]// Free-Space Laser Communications XXXVII , San Francisco, California, USA, 2025 .
RAZMI N , MATTHIESEN B , DEKORSY A , et al . On-Board Federated Learning for Satellite Clusters with Inter-Satellite Links [J]. IEEE Transactions on Communications , 2024 , 72 ( 6 ): 3408 - 3424 .
AL-HRAISHAWI H , CHOUGRANI H , KISSELEFF S , et al . A Survey on Nongeostationary Satellite Systems: The Communication Perspective [J]. IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials , 2023 , 25 ( 1 ): 101 - 132 .
European Commission . IRIS²: Infrastructure for Resilience, Interconnectivity and Security by Satellite [R/OL]. 2026-09-29 . https://defence-industry-space.ec.europa.eu/eu-space-policy/iris2-infrastructure-resilience-interconnectivity-and-security-satellite_en https://defence-industry-space.ec.europa.eu/eu-space-policy/iris2-infrastructure-resilience-interconnectivity-and-security-satellite_en .
李建成 . 时空基准:全球竞相布局的重大基础设施 [N]. 学习时报 , 2024-08-21 (6).
LI Jiancheng . Spatiotemporal Datum: Major Infrastructure in the Global Competitive Layout [N]. Study Times , 2024-08-21 (6).
李建成 . 最新中国陆地数字高程基准模型: 重力似大地水准面CNGG2011 [J]. 测绘学报 , 2012 , 41 ( 5 ): 651 - 660 .
LI Jiancheng . The Recent Chinese Terrestrial Digital Height Datum Model: Gravimetric Quasi-Geoid CNGG2011 [J]. Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica , 2012 , 41 ( 5 ): 651 - 660 .
XU J , LUO J H , CAO X B , et al . Cooperative Task Scheduling and Resource Allocation of Embodied Multi-satellite Systems: AI-Driven Perspective [J]. Science China Technological Sciences , 2026 , 69 ( 1 ): 1100301 .
LIANG Y P , CHEN Q M , JIANG H . Joint Resource Optimization for Federated Edge Learning with Integrated Sensing, Communication, and Computation [J]. IEEE Internet of Things Journal , 2025 , 12 ( 5 ): 5274 - 5288 .
ZHOU J X , CHEN J , CHEN X H , et al . Sensitivity of Six Typical Spatiotemporal Fusion Methods to Different Influential Factors: A Comparative Study for a Normalized Difference Vegetation Index Time Series Reconstruction [J]. Remote Sensing of Environment , 2021 , 252 : 112130 .
YUE P Y , AN J P , ZHANG J K , et al . Low Earth Orbit Satellite Security and Reliability: Issues, Solutions, and the Road Ahead [J]. IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials , 2023 , 25 ( 3 ): 1604 - 1652 .
教育部高等学校测绘类专业教学指导委员会 . 普通高等学校本科专业类教学质量国家标准(测绘类等专业) [S]. 北京 : 高等教育出版社 , 2018 .
Teaching Guidance Committee for Surveying and Mapping Programs, Ministry of Education . National Quality Standards for Undergraduate Programs (Surveying and Mapping) [S]. Beijing : Higher Education Press , 2018 .
FRAZIER A E , NELSON T , KEDRON P , et al . Rethinking GIScience Education in an Age of Disruptions [J]. Transactions in GIS , 2025 , 29 ( 2 ): e70048 .
中华人民共和国教育部 . 关于加强高校有组织科研推动高水平自立自强的若干意见 [Z/OL]. 2022-08-29 . http://www.moe.gov.cn/jyb_xwfb/gzdt_gzdt/s5987/202208/t20220829_656091.html http://www.moe.gov.cn/jyb_xwfb/gzdt_gzdt/s5987/202208/t20220829_656091.html .
Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China . Opinions on Strengthening Organized Scientific Research in Universities to Promote High-Level Self-Reliance [Z/OL]. 2022-08-29 . http://www.moe.gov.cn/jyb_xwfb/gzdt_gzdt/s5987/202208/t20220829_656091.html http://www.moe.gov.cn/jyb_xwfb/gzdt_gzdt/s5987/202208/t20220829_656091.html .
刘波 , 杨孟飞 , 李明 , 等 . 面向空天算力网络的卫星计算技术发展路径研究 [J]. 宇航学报 , 2025 , 46 ( 12 ): 1421 - 1434 .
LIU Bo , YANG Mengfei , LI Ming , et al . Research on Development Path of Satellite Computing Technology for Space Computing Power Network [J]. Journal of Astronautics , 2025 , 46 ( 12 ): 1421 - 1434 .
ZHAO J , WEI D , NAN L , et al . An Open and Intelligent Software Stack for Next-Generation Smart Satellites [J]. IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine , 2024 , 39 ( 1 ): 24 - 36 .
中华人民共和国科技部 . 关于破除科技评价中“唯论文”不良导向的若干措施(试行) [Z/OL]. 2020-02-17 . https://www.most.gov.cn/xxgk/xinxifenlei/fdzdgknr/fgzc/gfxwj/gfxwj2020/202002/W020200716318617342543.pdf 2020 https://www.most.gov.cn/xxgk/xinxifenlei/fdzdgknr/fgzc/gfxwj/gfxwj2020/202002/W020200716318617342543.pdf2020 .
Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China. . Measures for Eliminating the Negative Orientation of “Paper-Only” in Science and Technology Evaluation (for Trial Implementation) [Z/OL]. 2020-02-17 . https://www.most.gov.cn/xxgk/xinxifenlei/fdzdgknr/fgzc/gfxwj/gfxwj2020/202002/W0202007163186173425 43.pdf 2020 https://www.most.gov.cn/xxgk/xinxifenlei/fdzdgknr/fgzc/gfxwj/gfxwj2020/202002/W020200716318617342543.pdf2020 .
0
Views
0
下载量
0
CSCD
Publicity Resources
Related Articles
Related Author
Related Institution
京公网安备11010802024621