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1.武汉大学电子信息学院,湖北 武汉,430072
2.湖南省测绘科技研究所,湖南 长沙,410007
3.武汉大学卫星导航定位技术研究中心,湖北 武汉,430079
4.武汉大学测绘学院,湖北 武汉,430079
5.广州市城市规划勘测设计研究院,广东 广州,510060
Received:28 September 2026,
Published:05 October 2026
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楚彬,姜卫平,李宸雨,等.2026年北斗导航卫星更新维护操作对空间信号测距误差和单点定位影响分析[J].武汉大学学报(信息科学版),2026,51(10):2092-2104.
CHU Bin,JIANG Weiping,LI Chenyu,et al.Impact of BeiDou Navigation Satellite Update and Maintenance Operations in 2026 on Signal-in-Space Ranging Error and Single Point Positioning[J].Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University,2026,51(10):2092-2104.
楚彬,姜卫平,李宸雨,等.2026年北斗导航卫星更新维护操作对空间信号测距误差和单点定位影响分析[J].武汉大学学报(信息科学版),2026,51(10):2092-2104. DOI:10.13203/j.whugis20260386
CHU Bin,JIANG Weiping,LI Chenyu,et al.Impact of BeiDou Navigation Satellite Update and Maintenance Operations in 2026 on Signal-in-Space Ranging Error and Single Point Positioning[J].Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University,2026,51(10):2092-2104. DOI:10.13203/j.whugis20260386
为提升卫星导航系统服务性能和运行稳定性,导航卫星需要开展在轨的更新维护。然而,卫星在轨升级和维护可能会影响卫星广播轨道和钟差精度,进而影响空间信号质量和用户端定位的可靠性。对2026年4月北斗卫星导航系统(BeiDou navigation satellite system,BDS)部分倾斜地球同步轨道卫星和中圆地球轨道卫星更新维护操作进行研究。基于2026年3月—6月的广播星历和全球分布的15个测站观测数据,采用武汉大学国际GNSS服务实时分析中心提供的快速精密轨道和精密钟差产品作为参考,系统分析了BDS更新维护对空间信号测距误差(signal-in-space ranging error,SISRE)、伪距单点定位(single point positioning,SPP)精度和位置精度因子(position dilution of precision,PDOP)的影响。结果表明,在更新维护前,卫星轨道误差和钟差误差整体稳定,轨道径向、切向、法向3个方向误差与钟差误差均方根(root mean square,RMS)分别为0.175 m、0.261 m、0.204 m与0.828 m;在更新维护时间段内,参与维护卫星广播星历钟差和轨道径向出现明显跳变,仅轨道SISRE升至1 m以上,综合SISRE受钟差异常影响出现数十米量级突增,其中C38和C44卫星峰值分别约为58 m和64 m。维护结束后,卫星的SISRE恢复至维护前的数值,约为0.75 m。此外,全球可见卫星数量和PDOP变化统计分析表明,由于部分BDS-2卫星退役,更新维护后全球平均可见BDS卫星数由11.61颗减少至9.64颗,平均减少约1.97颗;全球平均PDOP由1.92增大至2.13,平均增加约0.21。基于全球15个测站的SPP数据评估发现,BDS-3系统更新维护期间,定位性能出现阶段性下降,定位精度RMS由1.5 m变化到2.2 m,维护完成后,SPP定位精度恢复至正常水平。进一步深入分析2026年4月BDS-3卫星更新维护对SISRE及用户定位性能的影响,研究结果可为BDS-3系统运行状态分析、性能监测及其导航定位应用提供参考。
Objectives
2
To improve service performance and operational stability
satellite navigation systems require in-orbit update and maintenance operations. However
such operations may affect the accuracy of broadcast orbits and clock offsets
thereby influencing signal-in-space quality and the reliability of user positioning. This study investigates the update and maintenance operations conducted in April 2026 for selected inclined geosynchronous orbit and medium earth orbit satellites of the BeiDou satellite navigation system (BDS).
Methods
2
Based on broadcast ephemerides from March to June 2026 and observations from 15 globally distributed stations
and using rapid precise orbit and clock products provided by the international GNSS service real-time analysis center at Wuhan University as references
we systematically evaluate the effects of BDS update and maintenance operations on signal-in-space ranging error (SISRE)
pseudorange single point positioning (SPP) accuracy
and position dilution of precision (PDOP).
Results
2
The results show that before the update and maintenance operations
satellite orbit and clock errors remained generally stable
with root mean square (RMS) of 0.175 m
0.261 m
and 0.204 m in the radial
along-track
and cross-track directions
respectively
and 0.828 m for clock errors. During the maintenance period
the maintained satellites exhibited pronounced jumps in broadcast clock offsets and radial orbit errors. The orbit-only SISRE increased to more than 1 m
while the combined SISRE showed sharp increases of several tens of metres due to clock anomalies
with peak values of approximately 58 m and 64 m for satellites C38 and C44
respectively. After the maintenance operations
the SISRE recovered to its pre-maintenance level
approximately 0.75 m.In addition
statistical analyses of the global number of visible satellites and PDOP indicate that
owing to the retirement of several BDS-2 satellites
the global mean number of visible BDS satellites decreased from 11.61 to 9.64 after the update and maintenance operations
with an average reduction of approximately 1.97 satellites. The global mean PDOP increased from 1.92 to 2.13
corresponding to an average increase of approximately 0.21. Evaluation of SPP results from 15 globally distributed stations further shows that BDS-3 positioning performance experienced a temporary degradation during the update and maintenance period
with the RMS positioning accuracy decreasing from 1.5 m to 2.2 m. After the maintenance operations were completed
SPP accuracy recovered to its normal level.
Conclusions
2
This study provides a detailed assessment of the effects of the April 2026 BDS-3 satellite update and maintenance operations on SISRE and user positioning performance
and offers a reference for BDS-3 operational status analysis
performance monitoring
and navigation applications.
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