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1.武汉大学遥感信息工程学院,湖北 武汉,430079
2.深圳大学广东省城市空间信息工程重点实验室,广东 深圳,518060
3.湖北珞珈实验室,湖北 武汉,430079
Received:01 September 2026,
Published:05 November 2026
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毛庆洲,周昊,吴安磊,等.高精度测绘激光雷达研究进展[J].武汉大学学报(信息科学版),2026,51(11):2374-2394.
MAO Qingzhou,ZHOU Hao,WU Anlei,et al.Advances in Precision Surveying LiDAR[J].Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University,2026,51(11):2374-2394.
毛庆洲,周昊,吴安磊,等.高精度测绘激光雷达研究进展[J].武汉大学学报(信息科学版),2026,51(11):2374-2394. DOI:10.13203/j.whugis20260348
MAO Qingzhou,ZHOU Hao,WU Anlei,et al.Advances in Precision Surveying LiDAR[J].Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University,2026,51(11):2374-2394. DOI:10.13203/j.whugis20260348
高精度测绘激光雷达是以获取目标及场景高精度三维空间信息为核心任务的主动式光电探测系统,在实景三维重建、数字孪生城市和新型基础测绘等重大应用中发挥着不可替代的作用。在概念内涵上,测绘激光雷达与避障激光雷达在任务目标、空间基准和指标侧重上存在本质区别,其性能评价涵盖几何测量、回波探测、时间同步和环境适应性等多个维度。在技术体制上,从探测原理、光源波长、扫描方式和搭载平台4个维度可系统划分其分类体系,各类平台在测程、精度和覆盖范围上呈现明显的分化与互补格局。在关键技术层面,全波形处理、测距模糊与多脉冲解算、扫描机构与精密测角、系统误差标定与动态补偿是决定系统性能的核心环节,国内外在这些领域的研究各有侧重且仍面临若干技术瓶颈。未来,测绘激光雷达将在全波形实时处理、高重频测距模糊解算、扫描机构与精密测角、系统误差标定与动态补偿等本源技术上持续突破,并呈现多体制融合、固态扫描、光子集成以及低成本化等发展趋势。
Surveying light detection and ranging(LiDAR) is an active electro-optical detection system whose core mission is to acquire high-precision three-dimensional (3D) spatial information of targets and scenes
playing an irreplaceable role in applications such as 3D real-scene reconstruction
digital twin cities
and new fundamental surveying and mapping. Over the past decades
it has evolved from single-point rangefinders into sophisticated multi-platform
multi-regime systems
driven by breakthroughs including full-waveform digitization
multi-pulse resolving techniques
single-photon sensitive detection
and wavelength diversification from 1 064 nm to eye-safe 1 550 nm
blue-green dual-wavelength
and multispectral sources. Surveying LiDAR is fundamentally distinguished from environment perception LiDAR—widely deployed in autonomous driving and robotics—by its mission objectives
spatial reference framework
and performance metric priorities. While perception LiDAR emphasizes high frame rate and real-time object detection
surveying LiDAR demands millimeter-to-centimeter ranging accuracy
arcsecond-level angular precision
and full-waveform recording capability. A comprehensive performance indicator system is established
covering geometric measurement
echo detection
time synchronization
and environmental adap‑tability
along with the corresponding metrological infrastructure including laboratory calibration
outdoor baseline fields
and traceability chains.The technical architecture is systematically classified along four dimensions: detection principle (pulsed time-of-flight
amplitude-modulated continuous wave
and frequency-modulated continuous wave)
laser wavelength (centered on 1 550 nm
1 064 nm
and 532 nm with extensions toward multispectral sources)
scanning mechanism (rotating mirrors
galvanometer scanners
Risley prism pairs
and wedge mirrors)
and carrying platform (space-borne
large airborne
small unmanned aerial vehicle-borne
terrestrial static
mobile mapping
and portable systems). These platforms exhibit distinct differentiation and complementarity in ranging capability
accuracy
and coverage.Four key technology areas are critically reviewed. Full-waveform processing covers preprocessing
single-echo ranging methods
and multi-echo decomposition approaches including mathematical modeling
deconvolution
and deep learning-based methods. Ranging ambiguity and multi-pulse resolving techniques address the fundamental speed-of-light constraint through coding modulation
multiple repetition frequencies
and point cloud-based resolving
with pulse position modulation emerging as a particularly effective approach. Scanning mechanism and precision angle measurement involve the evolution of drive mechanisms
multi-readhead optical encoders with electronic interpolation
and compensation of beam misalignment during high-speed scanning. System error calibration and dynamic compensation encompass ranging error modeling
scan calibration model development from theodolite-like geometric models to ray-tracing-based beam vector models
self-calibration methods for various platforms
and environmental corrections including atmospheric refraction and refractive correction for bathymetric LiDAR.Future development will focus on the continuous advancement of core sensor technologies
including real-time online full-waveform processing
ranging-ambiguity resolution for high-repetition-rate systems
scanning mechanisms with precision angle measurement
and systematic error calibration with dynamic compensation. Multi-regime fusion
solid-state scanning
photonic integration
and cost reduction enabled by mass production will further reshape the technological landscape of surveying LiDAR.
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