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武汉大学测绘学院,湖北 武汉,430079
Received:06 May 2026,
Published:05 August 2026
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李星星,付元辰,张柯柯,等.基于全球大地测量观测系统的地球参考框架建立:现状、机遇、挑战[J].武汉大学学报(信息科学版),2026,51(8):1597-1610.
LI Xingxing,FU Yuanchen,ZHANG Keke,et al.Review of Terrestrial Reference Frame Establishment Based on Global Geodetic Observing System: Status, Opportunities,and Challenges[J].Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University,2026,51(8):1597-1610.
李星星,付元辰,张柯柯,等.基于全球大地测量观测系统的地球参考框架建立:现状、机遇、挑战[J].武汉大学学报(信息科学版),2026,51(8):1597-1610. DOI:10.13203/j.whugis20260117
LI Xingxing,FU Yuanchen,ZHANG Keke,et al.Review of Terrestrial Reference Frame Establishment Based on Global Geodetic Observing System: Status, Opportunities,and Challenges[J].Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University,2026,51(8):1597-1610. DOI:10.13203/j.whugis20260117
地球参考框架是支撑现代人类活动与社会发展的重要基础设施。全球大地测量观测系统(global geodetic observing system,GGOS)为现代地球参考框架的构建提供核心技术支撑。首先阐述地球参考框架的建立现状,系统梳理GGOS的组成体系,剖析全球导航卫星系统 、卫星激光测距、甚长基线干涉测量(very long baseline interferometry,VLBI)、多普勒无线电定轨定位系统四大核心大地测量技术对地球参考框架的贡献,总结多技术融合建立地球参考框架的并置观测方法与不同层次的融合策略;其次,归纳当前GGOS在数据利用不充分、各技术存在系统误差、过度依赖全球地基观测等方面的发展瓶颈,并针对上述瓶颈探讨新一代GGOS的建设可行性,重点分析大型低轨星座、空间基准卫星、空间VLBI卫星对提升地球参考框架精度的新机遇;最后,展望建设新一代GGOS的关键挑战。
Objective
2
The terrestrial reference frame (TRF) constitutes the fundamental basis for global
regional
and national geodetic networks
and it is necessary for the quantitative investigations of Earth system processes. To meet the stringent requirements of geoscientific studies concerning small-scale variations of the Earth system
the global geodetic observing system (GGOS) has established target accuracies of 1 mm in position and 0.1 mm/a in stability for the TRF. As the most accurate realization of the TRF
the international terrestrial reference frame (ITRF) is generated through the integrated processing of multiple space geodetic techniques within GGOS. However
the latest realization
ITRF2020
still falls short of the 1 mm accuracy goal
owing to technique specific systematic errors and uncertainties in local tie measurements at co-location sites. This paper aims to review the current status of TRF establishment within the framework of GGOS
identify opportunities to advance TRF accuracy toward the 1 mm level
and summarize the key scientific and technical challenges facing the next generation GGOS.
Methods
2
We first review the present status of ITRF realization and the architecture of GGOS
analyzing in detail the contributions of the four space geodetic techniques
namely global navigation satellite system (GNSS)
satellite laser ranging (SLR)
very long baseline interferometry (VLBI)
and Doppler orbitography and radiopositioning integrated by satellite
to the combined solution. The principal limitations of the current GGOS infrastructure are then examined. On this basis
we discuss the prospective architecture of the next generation GGOS
including low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite constellations
co-location geodetic satellites
and space VLBI (SVLBI) satellites
together with their potential contributions to ITRF realization.
Results
2
The review shows that ITRF2020 has benefited from considerable progress in all four space geodetic techniques
including the expansion of global station networks
advances in instrumentation
and the refinement of data processing models and strategies. Nevertheless
several factors continue to prevent the ITRF from reaching the 1 mm accuracy target
most notably insufficient exploitation of available observations
technique specific systematic errors
and excessive reliance on ground based local ties. The next generation GGOS
represented by space-based observations
can expand the existing observation system and provides an effective means to overcome these limitations. LEO satellite constellations can provide abundant observations linking GNSS satellites with ground stations
thereby strengthening geocenter determination within the GNSS observation. Co-location geodetic satellites enable the integration of GNSS
SLR
and VLBI through onboard space ties
improving the accuracy of key geodetic parameters such as Earth orientation parameters (EOP) and geocenter coordinates relative to any single technique solution. SVLBI satellites can substantially extend baseline lengths within regional VLBI networks. Incorporating SVLBI observations enables the Chinese VLBI network to determine EOP with an accuracy comparable to that of the global network.
Conclusions
2
The ITRF has progressed substantially through the multifaceted development of GGOS
yet reaching the 1 mm accuracy target requires more advancement. The next generation GGOS
built upon multiple complementary space missions
is expected to provide richer observations
more reliable inter technique ties
and a means of overcoming the constraints of ground-based networks
thereby advancing ITRF accuracy toward the 1 mm level. To realize this vision
several urgent challenges must be addressed
including precise orbit determination for large constellations and complex satellite platforms
the development of rigorous theoretical frameworks for multiple technique combination
and the design of high-performance software capable of processing large scale and heterogeneous geodetic observations.
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