Performance Evaluation of Antarctic BDS/GNSS Precise Point Positioning

MEI Dengkui; DONG Mingchengyuan; ZHANG Xiaohong; ZHAO Bianli

doi:10.13203/j.whugis20260073

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Performance Evaluation of Antarctic BDS/GNSS Precise Point Positioning

CPGNSS 25th Anniversary Column | 更新时间：2026-11-05

- Performance Evaluation of Antarctic BDS/GNSS Precise Point Positioning
- Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University Vol. 51, Issue 7, Pages: 1313-1323(2026)
- 作者机构：
  
  1.武汉大学中国南极测绘研究中心，湖北武汉，430079
  2.武汉大学测绘学院，湖北武汉，430079
  3.国家基础地理信息中心，北京，100830
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.13203/j.whugis20260073
  CLC： P228
- Received：04 March 2026，
  
  Published：05 July 2026
- 稿件说明：
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梅登奎,董明承远,张小红，等.南极BDS/GNSS精密单点定位性能评估[J].武汉大学学报（信息科学版）,2026,51(7):1313-1323.

MEI Dengkui,DONG Mingchengyuan,ZHANG Xiaohong,et al.Performance Evaluation of Antarctic BDS/GNSS Precise Point Positioning[J].Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University,2026,51(7):1313-1323.
梅登奎,董明承远,张小红，等.南极BDS/GNSS精密单点定位性能评估[J].武汉大学学报（信息科学版）,2026,51(7):1313-1323. DOI：10.13203/j.whugis20260073

MEI Dengkui,DONG Mingchengyuan,ZHANG Xiaohong,et al.Performance Evaluation of Antarctic BDS/GNSS Precise Point Positioning[J].Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University,2026,51(7):1313-1323. DOI：10.13203/j.whugis20260073

摘要

当前我国极地科学考察对高精度全球导航卫星定位（global navigation satellite system，GNSS）服务需求日益迫切。基于南极国际GNSS服务组织测站，以及中国第41次南极科学考察期间昆仑站（KUNL）和泰山站（TAIS）的GNSS观测数据，从卫星可见数、定位精度、初始化时间及模糊度固定率等方面，系统评估了2024年3月1日—10日北斗卫星导航系统（BeiDou navigation satellite system，BDS）/GNSS在南极高纬度地区的精密单点定位（precise point positioning，PPP）性能，并对比了2024年3月24日磁暴事件对极区PPP定位性能的影响。结果表明，南极CAS1、DAV1、TAIS和KUNL测站上空可见卫星数达50~60颗，单频标准单点定位（standard point positioning，SPP）平均定位精度约为2.7~3.3 m，双频SPP平均定位精度提升至2.0 m左右。与SPP相比，各个测站在单BDS或单Galileo系统条件下，其静态和动态PPP固定解定位精度可达厘米级，而TAIS和KUNL站单GPS系统静态PPP固定解定位误差为分米级。多系统融合（GPS/BDS/Galileo）可明显改善PPP定位精度，缩短初始化时间，并提升模糊度固定率；其中CAS1和DAV1站GPS/BDS/Galileo多系统融合PPP固定解平均初始化时间可缩短至12 min左右。相比之下，动态PPP定位性能总体上不及静态PPP。此外，磁暴期间南极不同测站各系统的PPP固定解平均三维定位误差明显增大，初始化时间也显著变长，这与磁暴期间电离层扰动增强有关。

Abstract

Objectives

With the continuous expansion of China's polar scientific expeditions

the demand for reliable and high-precision global navigation satellite system (GNSS) positioning services in Antarctica has become increasingly prominent. However

the Antarctic inland region is characterized by extremely harsh environmental conditions

sparse infrastructure

and limited communication capability

making it difficult to establish dense continuous GNSS observation networks or ground-based augmentation systems. Under these conditions

precise point positioning (PPP)

which enables high-precision positioning using a single receiver with precise satellite orbit and clock products

provides an important technical solution for Antarctic inland applications.

Methods

Based on GNSS observations from Antarctic international GNSS service (IGS) stations

including CAS1 and DAV1

as well as rare GNSS data collected at China's Kunlun station (KUNL) and Taishan station (TAIS) during the 41st Chinese national antarctic research expedition

this study systematically evaluates the positioning performance of BeiDou navigation satellite system(BDS)/GNSS in the Antarctic high-latitude region

with particular focus on China's inland Antarctic stations. Geomagnetically quiet days from March 1 to March 10

2024

and the strong geomagnetic storm event on March 24

2024

were selected for comparative analysis. Standard point positioning (SPP)

undifferenced and uncombined PPP float solutions

and PPP ambiguity resolution (PPP-AR) solutions were assessed under both static and simulated kinematic modes for single-system GPS

BDS

Galileo

and multi-system combinations of GPS/BDS and GPS/BDS/Galileo. Positioning accuracy

initialization time

ambiguity fix rate

visible satellite number

geometric dilution of precision (GDOP)

and the rate of total electron content index (ROTI) were comprehensively analyzed.

Results

The results indicate that multi-GNSS observations significantly enhance satellite availability in Antarctica

with approximately 50-60 visible satellites observed at Antarctic stations. The positioning accuracy of single-frequency SPP is approximately 2.7-3.3 m

while dual-frequency SPP improves the accuracy to about 2.0 m

highlighting the advantage of dual-frequency observations in polar environments. Compared with SPP

static PPP ambiguity resolution (PPP-AR) solutions achieve decimeter- to centimeter-level accuracy

demonstrating the feasibility of PPP for high-precision Antarctic positioning. BDS and Galileo outperform GPS in both positioning accuracy and ambiguity fixing capability. Multi-GNSS integration

especially the GPS/BDS/Galileo combination

further improves positioning stability and shortens initialization time

with the initialization time of the CAS1 and DAV1 reduced to about 12 min under favorable conditions. The average PPP-AR initialization times of high-latitude stations such as TAIS and KUNL are generally longer than those of the relatively lower-latitude CAS1 and DAV1 stations. This may be mainly attributed to the combined effects of satellite geometry

and observation noise in ice-snow environments in the high-latitude inland Antarctic region. Compared with static PPP

the overall performance in terms of average initialization time and average three-dimensional positioning error of simulated kinematic PPP-AR is degraded. For the four Antarctic stations

both kinematic and static PPP float resolution achieve centimeter-level average 3D positioning accuracy. The average convergence times of static and kinematic PPP float solutions at CAS1 and DAV1 are less than 15 minutes

whereas TAIS and KUNL exhibit longer average convergence time. During the geomagnetic storm

PPP positioning errors increased and ROTI values fluctuated markedly at Antarctic stations

suggesting that enhanced polar ionospheric disturbances adversely affect PPP performance.

Conclusions

Overall

this study demonstrates that BDS/GNSS PPP

particularly multi-GNSS PPP

is an effective and reliable approach for high-precision positioning in Antarctic inland scientific expeditions. Meanwhile

the influence of space weather should be carefully considered in practical GNSS applications in polar regions.

关键词

Keywords

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