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武汉大学测绘学院,湖北 武汉,430079
Received:29 May 2025,
Published:05 June 2026
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李星星,孙朦,周宇轩.基于因子图优化的轻量语义地图协同构建方法[J].武汉大学学报(信息科学版),2026,51(6):1088-1097.
LI Xingxing,SUN Meng,ZHOU Yuxuan.A Lightweight Collaborative Semantic Mapping Method Based on Factor Graph Optimization[J].Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University,2026,51(6):1088-1097.
李星星,孙朦,周宇轩.基于因子图优化的轻量语义地图协同构建方法[J].武汉大学学报(信息科学版),2026,51(6):1088-1097. DOI:10.13203/j.whugis20250045
LI Xingxing,SUN Meng,ZHOU Yuxuan.A Lightweight Collaborative Semantic Mapping Method Based on Factor Graph Optimization[J].Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University,2026,51(6):1088-1097. DOI:10.13203/j.whugis20250045
针对自动驾驶高精度地图建图成本高、效率低等问题,提出了一种轻量级视觉语义道路地图协同构建方法。该方法利用车道线语义特征构建稀疏的局部矢量地图,并采用基于深度学习的栅格化图像匹配方法来进行单用户、多用户子图的鲁棒关联,以实现有效的局部地图匹配。在此基础上,通过因子图优化框架优化车辆位姿,并利用地图点与位姿的局部关联进行全局校准,实现高效的两步地图优化。通过城市道路场景实验进行验证,结果表明,该方法成功构建了全局一致的轻量语义地图,在跨时段、跨季节情况下总体轨迹精度较多源融合的视觉惯性导航系统VINS-Fusion和基于ORB特征的同步定位与建图算法ORB-SLAM3分别提升了89.9%和80.5%,证明了其在大范围多用户协同建图任务中的有效性与鲁棒性。
Objectives
2
Road maps play an important role in localization and motion planning for autonomous driving. To address the challenges of high cost and low efficiency in high-definition map construction
a lightweight collaborative semantic mapping method is proposed.
Methods
2
The proposed method constructs a sparse local vector map using semantic features of lane lines and employs a deep learning-based raster image matching technique for robust association of single-user and multi-user submaps
ensuring effective local map matching. Furthermore
vehicle poses are optimized through a factor graph framework
and global calibration is achieved by leveraging the local associations between map elements and poses
enabling efficient two-step map optimization.
Results
2
Experiments conducted in urban road scenarios demonstrate that the proposed method successfully constructs a globally consistent and lightweight semantic map. Compared to VINS-Fusion and ORB-SLAM3 algorithms
the overall trajectory accuracy is improved by 89.9% and 80.5%
respectively
under cross-time and cross-season conditions.
Conclusions
2
The proposed method enables effective multi-user collaborative mapping across large-scale environments
generating road feature maps that maintain global consistency while remaining highly lightweight.
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