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1.中南大学地球科学与信息物理学院,湖南 长沙,410075
2.实景三维建设与应用技术湖南省工程研究中心,湖南 长沙,410000
3.高速铁路建造技术国家工程研究中心,湖南 长沙,410075
Received:16 April 2025,
Published:05 June 2026
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张云生,王旭颖,陈斯飏,等.点云智能理解:从点云中心至语言中心的转变[J].武汉大学学报(信息科学版),2026,51(6):1073-1087.
ZHANG Yunsheng,WANG Xuying,CHEN Siyang,et al.Point Cloud Intelligent Understanding: Transition from Point-Centric to Language-Centric Paradigm[J].Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University,2026,51(6):1073-1087.
张云生,王旭颖,陈斯飏,等.点云智能理解:从点云中心至语言中心的转变[J].武汉大学学报(信息科学版),2026,51(6):1073-1087. DOI:10.13203/j.whugis20240497
ZHANG Yunsheng,WANG Xuying,CHEN Siyang,et al.Point Cloud Intelligent Understanding: Transition from Point-Centric to Language-Centric Paradigm[J].Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University,2026,51(6):1073-1087. DOI:10.13203/j.whugis20240497
三维时空信息在实景三维中国建设的国家新型基础设施战略中占据重要地位,机载航空点云数据在大规模三维时空信息获取中发挥了关键作用。围绕点云数据的深度解译与语义信息提取需求,系统梳理了点云理解范式的发展脉络,从前深度学习时代的模型驱动与数据驱动范式,到后深度学习时代的自监督信号驱动范式,再到当前基于预训练基础大模型的大模型驱动范式。在此基础上,提出了以语言为中心的机载航空点云理解范式,系统分析了其面临的关键挑战及未来发展方向,旨在为点云智能理解的技术创新与研究拓展提供新的视角和思路。
Objectives
2
In recent years
3D spatiotemporal information has become a cornerstone of national new infrastructure construction
with airborne point clouds playing a critical role in large-scale 3D data acquisition. However
effectively interpreting these point clouds and extracting their semantic richness remain significant challenges. Traditional methods
including geometry-driven feature extraction and data-driven deep learning models
have achieved limited progress but struggle with the complexity and scale of airborne point clouds. Advances in large-scale foundation models (FM)
particularly in natural language processing and vision-language integration
offer new opportunities for point cloud understanding. Large language models exhibit exceptional generalization and cross-modal semantic capabilities
enabling a language-centered paradigm. By leveraging language models to map point cloud data into a semantically enriched space
this approach addresses limitations of traditional methods.
Methods
2
The evolution of point cloud understanding is examined across geometry- and data-driven approaches
self-supervised paradigms
and FM-driven methodologies. A language-centered framework for airborne point cloud understanding is proposed
tackling high-level semantic modeling
cross-modal alignment
and downstream task adaptation. Results demonstrate enhanced semantic representation
improved generalization
and significant advantages in complex scenarios.
Results
2
The findings provide new insights into point cloud understanding and establish a foundation for integrating large-scale models into 3D applications.
Conclusions
2
These contributions offer innovative perspectives and technical solutions for advancing point cloud technologies in national infrastructure projects.
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