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1.中国测绘科学研究院,北京,100830
2.安徽理工大学空间信息与测绘工程学院,安徽 淮南,232001
3.武汉大学资源与环境科学学院,湖北 武汉,430079
4.西南交通大学地球科学与工程学院,四川 成都,611756
Received:25 December 2024,
Published:05 June 2025
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王勇,韩遥遥,刘纪平,等.应急救援地理空间情报:概念特征、生成技术及应用实践[J].武汉大学学报(信息科学版),2025,50(6):1110-1125.
WANG Yong,HAN Yaoyao,LIU Jiping,et al.Emergency Rescue Geospatial Intelligence: Conceptual Characteristics, Generation Technologies, and Application Practices[J].Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University,2025,50(6):1110-1125.
王勇,韩遥遥,刘纪平,等.应急救援地理空间情报:概念特征、生成技术及应用实践[J].武汉大学学报(信息科学版),2025,50(6):1110-1125. DOI:10.13203/j.whugis20240485
WANG Yong,HAN Yaoyao,LIU Jiping,et al.Emergency Rescue Geospatial Intelligence: Conceptual Characteristics, Generation Technologies, and Application Practices[J].Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University,2025,50(6):1110-1125. DOI:10.13203/j.whugis20240485
自然灾害和事故灾难频繁发生,对应急救援行动的效率和效果提出了更高要求。应急救援情报作为支撑救援行动的先导,其空间化、精准化、即时化的需求愈发迫切。针对目前应急救援情报分类体系欠缺、地理位置信息匮乏、数据来源单一以及融合利用不足等关键问题,提出应急救援地理空间情报(emergency rescue geospatial intelligence,ER-GeoINT)的概念内涵、分类体系和质量评价指标。在此基础上,构建了以全源感知汇集、智能提取分析、多源融合验证为核心的ER-GeoINT智能生成技术框架,并系统分析了相关技术与方法的研究进展。面向典型自然灾害应急救援需求,开发了地理空间情报搜集分析与服务系统,显著提高了应急救援的响应速度和决策准确性。
Objectives
2
Frequent
large-scale natural disasters inflict substantial harm on modern society
posing serious challenges to emergency decision-making
response
and assessment. During the emergency response processes
geospatial disaster data rapidly expands across physical
social
and information spaces. Despite extensive research on disaster geospatial big data
studies have yet to integrate into a unified intelligence system. As a result
fragmented disaster geospatial data fails to reflect its inherent information value. Converting complex disaster geospatial big data into emergency rescue geospatial intelligence (ER-GeoINT) is an emerging trend in modern emergency rescue.
Methods
2
First
in response to the current challenges such as the difficulty in emergency rescue data integration
the ambiguous application system of emergency intelligence
and the low efficiency of emergency rescue decision-making
we build on existing geospatial data integration processing and analysis methods. By examining the structure and characteristics of current disaster spatiotemporal big data
this paper proposes the concept
features
architecture
sources
and quality metrics for ER-GeoINT. This clarifies the information sources and classification system of ER-GeoINT. Then
a system framework for ER-GeoINT generation technology that supports multiple disaster scenarios is developed to address technical challenges in mining and analyzing disaster geospatial big data. This framework elaborately presents the current research on data perception aggregation
intelligent extraction and analysis of intelligence information
and the integrated intelligence generation technology of spatial intelligence.
Results
2
Focusing on emergency rescue scenarios for typical natural disasters such as forest and grassland fires
earthquakes
and geological hazards
a multi-hazard supported intelligence collection and analysis service system (ICASS) is developed. ICASS integrates geospatial intelligence mining technologies and methods for disaster online monitoring and early warning
multimodal emergency intelligence information extraction
rapid disaster loss assessment
and on-site situation simulation and deduction. Through these integrations
an all-source intelligence database
intelligence collection and analysis service system
and an application demonstration pattern for emergency rescue intelligence demand services are established.
Conclusions
2
The sources and types of global disaster emergency data are increasingly expanding
while the demands for emergency rescue intelligence are shifting towards more intelligent
spatial
granular
and personalized approaches. Current challenges and opportunities for ER-GeoINT include developing a credible and precise intelligence quality evaluation system
strengthening the human-in-the-loop intelligent rescue intelligence generation technology system
enhancing the fine-grained element spatial perception
grid-based intelligence collaborative management
deepening the exploration of value-added spatial intelligence through three-dimensional emergency mapping services and improving the integration with disaster emergency response plans.
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