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1.西安测绘研究所,陕西 西安,710054
2.航天东方红卫星有限公司,北京,100094
3.华中科技大学国家精密重力测量科学中心,湖北 武汉,430074
4.地理信息工程国家重点实验室,陕西 西安,710054
5.中科星图空间技术有限公司,陕西 西安,710199
Received:15 February 2025,
Published:05 March 2026
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肖云,李岩,周泽兵,等.中国重力卫星进展[J].武汉大学学报(信息科学版),2026,51(3):413-424.
XIAO Yun,LI Yan,ZHOU Zebing,et al.Progress on the Chinese Gravimetry Satellite Missions[J].Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University,2026,51(3):413-424.
肖云,李岩,周泽兵,等.中国重力卫星进展[J].武汉大学学报(信息科学版),2026,51(3):413-424. DOI:10.13203/j.whugis20240466
XIAO Yun,LI Yan,ZHOU Zebing,et al.Progress on the Chinese Gravimetry Satellite Missions[J].Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University,2026,51(3):413-424. DOI:10.13203/j.whugis20240466
全球重力场蕴涵了地球形状、物质分布及其变化的丰富时空特征信息,是反演地球内部、表面、外部物质结构及演化的基础性数据,支撑着地球物理、大气、水文、海洋、大地测量、地震等领域的研究工作,应用范围广,可挖掘潜力大。作为全球重力场测量有效手段之一,卫星重力测量技术在21世纪得到长足发展,美国联合德国等欧盟国家先后发展了挑战性小卫星有效载荷卫星、重力恢复与气候实验(gravity recovery and climate experiment
GRACE)卫星、地球重力场和海洋环流探索器卫星、GRACE继任者卫星等专门重力卫星计划。中国持续跟踪国际该领域的先进技术,逐步突破了卫星重力测量系统的各项关键技术,发射了技术完全自主的低低跟踪重力测量卫星系统,形成独立获取高精度重力场信息并构建全球重力场模型能力。另外,中国发展空间引力波探测计划,2019年底发射了“天琴一号”,检验了惯性测量基准能力;计划2027年前后发射“天琴二号”,检验激光星间测距技术,并可形成全球重力场精密测量能力。再者,中国推进卫星重力梯度测量技术发展,研制了重力梯度仪、无拖曳控制装置等,通过了地面验证试验,为重力梯度卫星研制奠定了技术基础。概要介绍了中国重力卫星技术的发展现状,分析了各卫星主要技术特征和相互之间的联系与区别,指出了卫星重力测量技术存在的问题及发展趋势,并展望后续主要发展思路,以期进一步推进中国重力测量卫星技术向前发展,更好地满足海洋、水文、地震等多领域对重力测量卫星的需求。
The Earth's gravity data encompass a lot of information
including characteristics of the Earth's shape
mass distribution
and its varying signals. As fundamental data
it is utilized in research related to geophysics
meteorology
hydrology
oceanology
geodesy
and more
demonstrating significant potential for further applications. As an effective method of observing the global gravity field
the gravity satellite missions have been developed well in this century. Some special gravity satellites such as challenging mini-satellite payload
gravity recovery and climate experiment (GRACE)
gravity field and steady-state ocean circulation explorer (GOCE)
and GRACE follow-on have been successfully injected into orbit
belonging to the USA
Germany
and the European Union. In China
the gravimetry satellite technique has been researched continually for the last 20 years
and the key techniques have been successfully broken through. The Chinese gravity satellite has been launched successfully and is observing the Earth's gravity field. Besides this
a gravity-wave observatory has been developed. As a first step
the Tianqin-1 satellite was developed in 2019
in which the accelerometer and drag-free device were tested in orbit. In the second step
the Tianqin-2 satellite is planned to launch around 2027
which will test the laser inter-satellite ranging system and be used to precisely measure the Earth's gravity. Additionally
the satellite gravity gradiometer mission is being pursued. Some key engineering models
such as the gravity gradiometer and drag-free system
have been manufactured and tested
laying the foundation for the gravity gradiometer mission. In this paper
the status of the Chinese gravity satellite is briefly introduced
followed by an analysis of the main characteristics of each gravimetry satellite and the correlations and distinctions between them. Furthermore
suggestions are made for the direction and steps to develop the satellite gravimetry mission
in order to advance satellite gravimetry techniques and better meet the needs of oceanology
hydrology
seismology
and others.
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