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武汉大学测绘遥感信息工程全国重点实验室,湖北 武汉,430079
Received:16 September 2024,
Published:05 July 2025
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方志祥.对人观测的理论、技术与应用进展[J].武汉大学学报(信息科学版),2025,50(7):1251-1265.
FANG Zhixiang.Theory,Technology and Application Progress for Human Being-Oriented Observation[J].Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University,2025,50(7):1251-1265.
方志祥.对人观测的理论、技术与应用进展[J].武汉大学学报(信息科学版),2025,50(7):1251-1265. DOI:10.13203/j.whugis20240339
FANG Zhixiang.Theory,Technology and Application Progress for Human Being-Oriented Observation[J].Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University,2025,50(7):1251-1265. DOI:10.13203/j.whugis20240339
对人观测是由来已久的基础应用需求,现代信息通讯技术发展所带来的大数据普及化,大大促进了对人观测理论、技术与应用的进步,也大幅深化了测绘、遥感、地理、城市科学等多学科交叉融合。在理论进展方面,主要体现在人群感知、特征度量、效应观测这3个层次上,特别地,以群体时空过程为视角的系统化表达、建模与演化等方面理论,具有基础性、多态性、系统性等特征,符合以人为本的理论发展趋势。在技术进展方面,主要体现在人群多源感知、时空特征智能计算、时空效应分析应对等层次上的技术进步,特别是以时空GIS和人工智能技术为代表的感知技术、平台技术、决策技术等,具有较好的通用性和适应性,符合地理空间人工智能的技术趋势与特点。在应用进展方面,对人观测技术显著应用在城市内和城市之间的多个行业领域,如公共安全、智能交通、社会治理、生命健康、城市群发展、乡村振兴等邻域平台和服务系统,从复杂社会系统角度,推动了各式各样社会问题的空间化感知、研判、预测、预警、决策、治理、协同与融合解决。对人观测已经发展成测绘遥感与其他学科深度交叉融合的前沿方向,具有广泛的理论研究与应用需求。
Human being-oriented observation has been a basic application requirement for a long time. The popularization of big data brought about by the development of modern information and communication technology has greatly promoted the progress of the theory
technology and application of human being-orien‑ted observation
and also greatly deepened the interdisciplinary intersection of surveying and mapping
remote sensing
geography
urban science and so on. In terms of theory
it is mainly embodied in the development of the three levels of population perception
feature measurement
and effect observation
especially the theory of systematic expression
modeling and evolution from the perspective of spatio-temporal process of crowd
which has the characteristics of foundation
polymorphism
and systematization
and is in line with the development trend of people-oriented theory. In terms of technology
it is mainly reflected in the technological progress at the level of multi-source perception of crowds
intelligent calculation of spatio-temporal characteristics
and analysis and response of spatio-temporal effects
especially the perception technology
platform technology
and decision-making technology represented by spatio-temporal GIS and artificial intelligence technology
which have good versatility and adaptability
and are in line with the technical trends and characteristics of geospatial artificial intelligence. In terms of application
human being-oriented observation technology has been widely used in many industries within and between cities
such as public safety
intelligent transportation
social governance
life and health
urban agglomeration development
extreme and other neighborhood platforms and service systems
which have promoted the spatial perception
research and judgment
prediction
early warning
decision-making
governance
coordination and integrated solution of various social problems from the perspective of complex social systems. Human being-oriented observation has developed into a frontier direction of deep cross-integration of surveying
mapping and remote sensing with other disciplines
and has a wide range of theoretical research and application needs.
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