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1.兰州大学资源环境学院,甘肃 兰州,730000
2.西部环境教育部重点实验室,甘肃 兰州,730000
3.兰州交通大学测绘与地理信息学院,甘肃 兰州,730070
4.地理国情监测技术应用国家地方联合工程研究中心,甘肃 兰州,730070
5.甘肃省测绘科学与技术重点实验室,甘肃 兰州,730070
6.武汉大学资源与环境科学学院,湖北 武汉,430079
Received:08 June 2024,
Published:05 February 2026
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王小龙,闫浩文,李精忠,等.微地图辅助寻路的方向-距离模型构建与表达[J].武汉大学学报(信息科学版),2026,51(2):380-390.
WANG Xiaolong,YAN Haowen,LI Jingzhong,et al.Construction and Representation of a Direction-Distance Model for WeMap Assisted Wayfinding[J].Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University,2026,51(2):380-390.
王小龙,闫浩文,李精忠,等.微地图辅助寻路的方向-距离模型构建与表达[J].武汉大学学报(信息科学版),2026,51(2):380-390. DOI:10.13203/j.whugis20240072
WANG Xiaolong,YAN Haowen,LI Jingzhong,et al.Construction and Representation of a Direction-Distance Model for WeMap Assisted Wayfinding[J].Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University,2026,51(2):380-390. DOI:10.13203/j.whugis20240072
针对现有微地图辅助用户寻路的算法或模型未充分考虑辅助寻路的方向、距离等其他要素,致使在寻路过程中缺失关键信息的问题,构建了一种方向-距离模型(direction-distance model
DDM)来解决微地图辅助寻路时无法满足微地图特点(微内容)的问题。首先,描述了辅助寻路过程中符合微内容特点的表达要素:方向和距离,在微地图中给出了符合微内容特点的表现形式;然后,针对路径数据的构成要素,通过构造方位角计算函数实现对路径数据的定量描述与建模,再依托八方向锥形模型对量化结果进行定性描述;最后,设计路径距离的计算方法,结合欧氏距离分别定义路段和节段的长度计算函数,并基于求和函数算出路径的总距离。结果表明,相比于现存的方向关系计算模型,DDM能够有效避免计算冗余;相比于最短路径和基于地标权重的计算模型,DDM能定量和定性描述空间方向关系,还能在用户寻路的动态过程中提供缺失的方向和距离信息。
Objectives
2
Digital media and sensing technologies have created new ways to present maps. WeMaps have grown quickly because they are easy to make and easy to share. They use microcontent and offer only what most users need. Many people now rely on them in indoor and outdoor settings. Yet the support for wayfinding remains weak. Direction cues are often vague and distance cues are often absent. Users with a weak sense of direction struggle even more. Existing landmark or shortest-path methods offer limited help. They focus on path choice or landmark weights and ignore key spatial relations. Some of them return the shortest route but give no idea of how to move along it. Others highlight landmarks but fail to guide users between them. Traditional direction models add long lists of direction types. These details are too complex for fast decisions. They also break the "just enough and no extra" idea behind microcontent. A direction‐distance model (DDM) is introduced to fill this gap and to give clear
compact
and non-redundant guidance. The goal is to supply essential spatial cues without adding noise. The design also considers indoor scenarios such as large stations
malls
and parking garages
where common mobile map apps often fail to give accurate or readable direction hints. The model aims to support these cases as well.
Methods
2
The core features of WeMaps are examined to find what matters most during wayfinding. Direction and distance emerge as the essential elements. They also show clear advantages over landmark-based cues. Both features can be presented with a small amount of information yet still guide users through complex spaces. Reasons for the failure of classic direction models are analyzed that many existing models add direction types that users do not need. Such extra information slows decision-making. Some methods also rebuild the direction model every time the user moves. This adds delay and causes outdated cues. The DDM is built in two parts. First
path azimuths are calculated to give simple numeric direction values. These values are then grouped with an eight‑direction cone model. The grouping reduces noise and keeps the output short. The same rule applies to long routes
curved routes
and routes with multiple turns. Paths with and without shape points are handled separately to avoid errors caused by dense geometry. Second
distance is computed with Euclidean metrics. Segment functions and road-section functions are defined and summed to give total distance. Both local and global distance cues are tested. The output includes step‑level distances and overall route length. Experiments use road‑network data from different map types and several indoor layouts are added to test short segments and complex turn sequences. Each dataset produces direction output
distance output
and combined descriptions. The results are compared with current direction and distance models
including shortest‑path methods and landmark‑weight methods. The comparison focuses on time cost
clarity
and redundancy.
Results
2
The DDM removes repeated modeling steps that many direction models require. It reduces time cost and supports fast guidance during wayfinding. The improvement is clear on paths with many turns. Direction relations are expressed in both numeric and verbal form with little noise. The output stays short even for long or irregular paths. The model also adds missing direction and distance cues that WeMaps often lack. Users with weak direction sense can gain clearer support. The combined direction‑distance output gives a more natural description for real users. It shows the next turn
the direction of movement
and the approximate distance. It avoids long lists of direction types and landmark overload. Compared with existing spatial direction models
DDM keeps stable performance when the geometry changes. Compared with distance‑only models
DDM preserves the sense of movement that users need to maintain orientation. The model also avoids lag from repeated reconstruction
which helps in dynamic settings.
Conclusions
2
The DDM fits the microcontent nature of WeMaps and adds key information for wayfinding. It overcomes the limits of landmark‑based and traditional direction or distance methods. The output avoids extra details and supports quick decisions. It offers simple direction steps and clear distance cues in one compact form. Some direction descriptions for curved paths remain complex. Further work will simplify these descriptions and improve how users read and remember them. Work will also explore adaptive rules that adjust the amount of information based on the user's directional sense and the layout of the space.
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