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1.中南大学地球科学与信息物理学院,湖南 长沙 410083
2.湖南省地理空间信息工程技术研究中心,湖南 长沙,410018
3.湖南省第三测绘院,湖南 长沙,410018
Received:21 August 2024,
Published:05 November 2025
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汪晓龙,石岩,王达,等.基于自适应密度聚类的单车出行源汇时空区域探测方法[J].武汉大学学报(信息科学版),2025,50(11):2339-2351.
WANG Xiaolong,SHI Yan,WANG Da,et al.Spatiotemporal Extent Detection Method of Bike Travel Source-Sink Based on Adaptive Density Clustering[J].Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University,2025,50(11):2339-2351.
汪晓龙,石岩,王达,等.基于自适应密度聚类的单车出行源汇时空区域探测方法[J].武汉大学学报(信息科学版),2025,50(11):2339-2351. DOI:10.13203/j.whugis20230362
WANG Xiaolong,SHI Yan,WANG Da,et al.Spatiotemporal Extent Detection Method of Bike Travel Source-Sink Based on Adaptive Density Clustering[J].Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University,2025,50(11):2339-2351. DOI:10.13203/j.whugis20230362
无桩共享单车凭借灵活性强、成本低、全天供应等优势,已成为当前中国共享单车服务的主要形式。然而,过于灵活的无桩共享单车经常出现特定时空域内稀缺借不到或堆积还不进的供需失衡现象。准确、精细地探测共享单车出行OD(origin-destination)分布失衡时空范围与失衡程度是可靠认知单车供需关系、科学调度单车资源和发展绿色可持续公共交通的关键问题。当前研究大多利用预定义网格等方式划分空间单元,进而构建指标度量出行OD失衡程度,并设置失衡阈值提取源汇范围。基于人工先验硬性划分时空单元和设置失衡阈值的方式极易低估源汇时空范围与失衡程度,且当前缺乏出行源汇区域及时序演化的耦合分析,为此,提出一种基于时空密度的二元聚类方法自适应地提取出行源汇。首先,基于密度显著性统计判别视角适应性地提取OD核点;进而构建二元变量分布失衡统计判别提取源汇邻域;最后,利用时空邻接约束扩展提取出行源汇的精细时空范围。利用厦门岛无桩共享单车轨迹数据进行实验
发现在早高峰内共识别出11 351个源区域和9 453个汇区域,每小时源汇数量最高可达1 925个,其中源区域失衡指数集中于[0.5
1],汇区域失衡指数集中于[-1
-0.5],证明所提方法能够精细、可靠地提取表征车辆借还分布失衡的出行源汇空间区域、持续时间及其失衡程度。
Objectives
2
Due to its strong flexibility
low cost
and continuous availability
dockless shared bicycles have become the primary form of bike-sharing services in China. However
the excessive flexibility of dockless shared bicycles often leads to a supply-demand imbalance
manifested by scarcity within specific temporal and spatial domains
where bikes cannot be found or accumulate without being used. Accurately and precisely detecting the spatial and temporal extent
as well as the degree of imbalance in the origin-destination (OD) distribution of shared bicycle trips is a crucial issue for understanding the reliable cognition of bike supply and demand relationships
scientifically dispatching bike resources
and developing green and sustainable public transportation. Currently
most studies use predefined grids to divide spatial units and then construct metrics to measure the degree of OD imbalance
setting imbalance thresholds to extract source and sink regions. The method of manually predefining rigid spatial units and setting imbalance thresholds tends to underestimate the spatial and temporal extent of sources and sinks and the degree of imbalance. Additionally
there is a lack of coupled analysis of the temporal and spatial evolution of travel source and sink areas.
Methods
2
To this end
this paper proposes a bivariate clustering method based on spatiotemporal density to adaptively extract trip sources and sinks. First
spatial kernel density estimation and information entropy theory are introduced to adaptively extract OD core points from the perspective of density significance test. Second
a bivariate distribution imbalance statistical method is constructed to identify source and sink core points of shared bike trips
and density-based clustering extension strategies are implemented for fine-grained identification of source-sink spatial regions. Finally
based on the detected source-sink spatial regions
OD point event intensity and imbalance significance tests are designed based on OD point temporal density distribution and event type probability distribution
to identify the sources and sink time periods of shared bike trips.
Results
2
Experimental results using dockless shared bicycle trajectory data in Xiamen Island reveal that within the morning peak hours
this method identified 11 351 source areas and 9 453 sink areas. The number of sources and sinks can reach up to 1 925 per hour. The imbalance index for source areas is concentrated in the range [0.5
1]
while for sink areas
it is concentrated in the range [-1
-0.5]. This demonstrates that the proposed method can accurately and reliably extract spatial regions
durations
and degrees of imbalance that characterize the distribution imbalance of vehicle borrowing and returning.
Conclusions
2
In order to overcome the problems that the spatial detection results of shared bicycle travel source and sink are heavily dependent on the rigid pre-division of spatiotemporal units
the predefined threshold of algorithm parameters and source and sink indicators
and the lack of spatiotemporal coupling mining analysis of source and sink
this paper proposes an adaptive spatial detection algorithm for traffic travel source and sink based on binary variable density clustering. A case study was carried out in the actual data of shared bicycles in Xiamen Island.
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