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1.南京理工大学计算机科学与工程学院,江苏 南京,210094
2.常州工学院土木建筑工程学院,江苏 常州,213032
3.南京理工大学高维信息智能感知与系统教育部重点实验室,江苏 南京,210094
4.南京理工大学江苏省社会安全图像与视频理解重点实验室,江苏 南京,210094
Received:20 June 2024,
Published:05 October 2025
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张晨阳,杨健.一种自适应点线特征和IMU耦合的视觉SLAM方法[J].武汉大学学报(信息科学版),2025,50(10):2048-2063.
ZHANG Chenyang,YANG Jian.A Visual SLAM Method Coupled with Adaptive Point-Line Features and IMU[J].Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University,2025,50(10):2048-2063.
张晨阳,杨健.一种自适应点线特征和IMU耦合的视觉SLAM方法[J].武汉大学学报(信息科学版),2025,50(10):2048-2063. DOI:10.13203/j.whugis20230347
ZHANG Chenyang,YANG Jian.A Visual SLAM Method Coupled with Adaptive Point-Line Features and IMU[J].Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University,2025,50(10):2048-2063. DOI:10.13203/j.whugis20230347
室内低/弱纹理、光照不足的场景下,视觉惯导融合的即时定位与建图(simultaneous localization and mapping
SLAM)定位精度明显优于纯视觉SLAM方法。然而,当前基于点特征的视觉惯导SLAM方法通常难以检测并追踪足够的特征,同时惯性测量单元的先验测量信息亦未充分利用,导致SLAM整体定位精度低、鲁棒性弱。针对这些问题,构建一种自适应点线特征和惯性测量单元(inertial measurement unit
IMU)耦合的视觉SLAM方法。首先设计一种自适应的快速角点特征检测算法,以增强图像特征点检测的鲁棒性。另外,快速线特征检测算法易检测短线、断线,且图像因光照变化易导致线特征的“过提取”或“错提取”。因此,利用边缘检测二值图像构造自适应线特征提取算法,并借助消影点的特性筛选聚类线特征。然后,由点线特征重投影误差和IMU先验预积分位姿估计量,通过松耦合为SLAM前端位姿估计和算法提供稳健的初始化结果。随后,后端利用紧耦合建立视觉和IMU观测量的统一非线性最小化残差函数,并优化得到准确的图像帧位姿。最后,在开源数据集上测试验证,并对比几种经典SLAM方法。实验结果表明,所构建的SLAM方法平均定位精度至少提高12%,同时具有较强的鲁棒性。
Objectives
2
Visual-inertial simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) typically outperforms pure visual SLAM in indoor scenes characterized by low or sparse textures and varying lighting conditions. Nonetheless
most existing visual-inertial SLAM encounter challenges in detecting and tracking sufficient feature points. Moreover
the prior pose measurement information from the inertial measurement unit (IMU) is often underutilized
resulting in reduced pose estimation accuracy and limited robustness.
Methods
2
An adaptive fast corner feature detection approach has been developed to enhance the robustness of feature point detection in images. Additionally
the fast line segment detector algorithm makes it easy to detect short lines and broken line features
and the performance of the algorithm is affected by the change of illumination
resulting in over-extraction or wrong-extraction of line features. Accordingly
an adaptive algorithm for extracting line features was introduced
utilizing edge-detected binary images and incorporating the removal of erroneous lines based on the geometry characteristics of the vanishing point. Following this
the algorithm integrates the visual measurements from point-line features with the pre-integration measurement of IMU to yield reliable outcomes for front-end pose estimation and initialization parameters in a loosely coupled manner. In the back-end section of our proposed SLAM method
a unified nonlinear minimization residual function is established for visual and IMU measurements through tight coupling
optimizing for obtaining precise pose of the image or camera.
Results
2
The proposed SLAM method has been validated and tested on publicly available benchmarks
showcasing its performance through ablation experiments and qualitative as well as quantitative comparative analyses against several state-of-the-art visual-inertial SLAM algorithms.
Conclusions
2
The results indicate that the proposed algorithm improves average localization accuracy by at least 12% and displays significant robustness.
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