BDS-3 Triple-Frequency Undifferenced and Uncombined PPP Ambiguity Resolution

ZHANG Fan; CHAI Hongzhou; WANG Min; XIAO Guorui

doi:10.13203/j.whugis20220753

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BDS-3 Triple-Frequency Undifferenced and Uncombined PPP Ambiguity Resolution

Geodesy and Survey Engineering | 更新时间：2026-11-05

- BDS-3 Triple-Frequency Undifferenced and Uncombined PPP Ambiguity Resolution
- Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University Vol. 50, Issue 4, Pages: 656-665(2025)
- 作者机构：
  
  1.陆军工程大学，江苏南京，210000
  2.信息工程大学地理空间信息学院，河南郑州，450001
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.13203/j.whugis20220753
  CLC： P228
- Received：06 February 2023，
  
  Published：05 April 2025
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
章繁,柴洪洲,王敏，等.BDS-3三频非差非组合PPP模糊度快速固定[J].武汉大学学报（信息科学版）,2025,50(4):656-665.

ZHANG Fan,CHAI Hongzhou,WANG Min,et al.BDS-3 Triple-Frequency Undifferenced and Uncombined PPP Ambiguity Resolution[J].Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University,2025,50(4):656-665.
章繁,柴洪洲,王敏，等.BDS-3三频非差非组合PPP模糊度快速固定[J].武汉大学学报（信息科学版）,2025,50(4):656-665. DOI：10.13203/j.whugis20220753

ZHANG Fan,CHAI Hongzhou,WANG Min,et al.BDS-3 Triple-Frequency Undifferenced and Uncombined PPP Ambiguity Resolution[J].Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University,2025,50(4):656-665. DOI：10.13203/j.whugis20220753

摘要

2020年7月底，北斗三号卫星导航系统（BeiDou satellite navigation system 3，BDS-3）已正式面向全球用户开通高精度位置服务。为充分发挥BDS-3系统的多频服务能力，联合B1I、B3I传统信号和B2a新信号实现了BDS-3三频精密单点定位(precise point positioning，PPP）模糊度固定(ambiguity resolution，AR)。首先利用原始浮点模糊度估计超宽巷、宽巷和窄巷非差未校正相位延迟(uncalibrated phase delay

UPD)，然后基于服务端的高精度UPD产品采用超宽巷-宽巷-窄巷模糊度顺序固定的方法实现BDS-3三频PPP模糊度快速固定。重点论证了基于不同尺度UPD产品的BDS-3三频非差非组合PPP AR的性能差异。设置两组实验验证算法性能，实验Ⅰ: 先采用2021年年积日第310—324天的多模GNSS实验跟踪网（multi-GNSS experiment，MGEX）全球分布的160个测站估计卫星UPD产品，再利用其他12个测站进行PPP AR计算；实验Ⅱ: 首先利用欧洲永久参考站网络（EUREF permanent network

EPN）芬兰境内的15个测站估计UPD，然后采用另5个测站验证PPP AR算法。结果表明，BDS-3超宽巷、宽巷和窄巷UPD产品具有较高的稳定性，标准差均值均优于0.04周，EPN区域UPD产品精度和稳定性高于MGEX全球UPD产品。MGEX全球测站实验中BDS-3三频PPP AR收敛时间最短 (25.4 min)，相较于双频浮点解的40.1 min和双频PPP AR的36.3 min，减少幅度分别达到36.7%和30.0%；EPN区域测站实验中，三频PPP AR则将收敛时间从双频浮点解的39.7 min和双频PPP AR的30.8 min缩短至25.1 min，减少幅度分别达到36.8%和18.5%。基于MGEX和EPN网络公共测站讨论了使用两种不同尺度的UPD产品实行BDS-3三频PPP AR的性能差异，结果表明，采用EPN区域UPD产品的BDS-3三频PPP AR明显收敛更快、定位精度更高。原因可能有：（1）基于全球参考站网络估计的UPD产品在测站非密集区存在一定程度的精度损失；（2）UPD估计可能与接收机类型存在一定相关性，MGEX全球测站网接收机类型复杂，因此可能会对UPD估计精度造成一定影响。

Abstract

Objectives

China's BeiDou satellite navigation system 3 (BDS-3) is capable of providing high-accuracy positioning services for global clients at the end of July 2020.

Methods

To fully exploit BDS-3 multi-frequency positioning ability

BDS-3 traditional B1I

B3I and new B2a signals are integrated to employ triple-frequency PPP ambiguity resolution (AR). First

BDS-3 raw float ambiguities are utilized to calculate extra-wide lane (EWL)

wide lane (WL) and narrow lane (NL) undifferenced uncalibrated phase delay (UPD). Subsequently

based on the high-accuracy UPD products

the EXL-WL-NL ambiguity sequential fixing at the user side is employed to perform BDS-3 triple-frequency PPP AR. Especially

the performance difference of BDS-3 triple-frequency undifferenced and uncombined PPP AR with different scale UPD products are evaluated. Then two experiments are designed to validate PPP AR. Experiment I: Data from the day of year 310 to 324 in 2021

of 160 MGEX stations are utilized to perform UPD determination and another 12 MGEX stations are used as users for the PPP ambiguity fixing with UPD products. Experiment II: Data from the day of year 310 to 324 on 2021

of 15 EUREF permanent network (EPN) stations are utilized to generate UPD products and another 5 MGEX stations are regarded as clients to validate PPP AR algorithm.

Results

Experimental results demonstrate that BDS-3 EWL

WL and NL UPDs exhibit high stability with average standard derivations better than 0.04 cycles. The stability and accuracy of UPD products from the EPN regional network are ahead of that of the MGEX global network. In the MGEX experiments

BDS-3 triple-frequency PPP AR achieves the best convergence performance (25.1 min)

which is much shorter than dual-frequency float solutions (39.7 min) and dual-frequency PPP AR (36.3 min)

with an improvement of about 36.7% and 30.0%. In the EPN experiments

BDS-3 triple-frequency PPP AR reduced the convergence time from 39.7 min of the dual-frequency float solutions and 30.8 min of the dual-frequency PPP AR to 25.1 min

with a decrease of about 36.8% and 18.5%. Finally

the common stations of the MGEX and EPN networks are utilized to validate the performance of BDS-3 triple-frequency PPP AR based on the two different UPD products.

Conclusions

BDS-3 triple-frequency PPP AR using the EPN regional UPD products exhibits a significantly better positioning performance than MGEX UPDs. The possible reasons can be owned to following two aspects. One is that the UPD products from MGEX global stations shall cause a precision loss in some areas with sparse stations. The other is that the precision of the UPD determination may be dependent on receiver types. MGEX global stations are equipped with complex receivers

and hence the UPD estimation may be contaminated.

关键词

Keywords

references

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