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西南石油大学机电工程学院
Received:01 September 2025,
Revised:2026-06-14,
Accepted:08 April 2026,
Published:25 October 2026
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邓秀丽,周春晓,任海涛,等.基于着色法的PDC钻头切削面积计算方法研究[J].石油机械,2026,54(10):12-19.
Deng Xiuli,Zhou Chunxiao,Ren Haitao,et al.A coloring-based cutting area calculation method for PDC bits[J].China Petroleum Machinery,2026,54(10):12-19.
邓秀丽,周春晓,任海涛,等.基于着色法的PDC钻头切削面积计算方法研究[J].石油机械,2026,54(10):12-19. DOI: 10.12473/CPM.202509003.
Deng Xiuli,Zhou Chunxiao,Ren Haitao,et al.A coloring-based cutting area calculation method for PDC bits[J].China Petroleum Machinery,2026,54(10):12-19. DOI: 10.12473/CPM.202509003.
PDC钻头是钻井工程中重要的破岩工具,在软硬交替、含砾石及复合地层中,其钻进效能常受切削齿载荷分布不均的影响,易出现环切、掏心等失效问题。切削区域分析和切削面积计算是钻头工作载荷分析的基础,但传统建模方法在复杂切削状态下存在建模效率低、过程烦琐等问题。为给钻头布齿优化与性能提升提供理论依据,提出了一种基于着色法的PDC钻头切削面积快速计算方法。该方法建立单齿在钻头空间坐标系下的齿刃轨迹方程,利用MATLAB绘制各切削齿的切削区域图像,并将当前齿当前圈、上一圈及前后相邻齿的区域分别标记为红、黑、白3种颜色;再结合像素级分类与灰度值转换,统计对应颜色像素数量,实现切削区域的自动识别与面积计算。为提高计算精度,引入侵入深度和切削顺序等关键参数,并通过图像叠加识别径向投影平面上各齿间的真实切削重叠区域。以直径215.9 mm、主切削齿数为19的PDC钻头为算例与传统数值积分法进行对比。研究结果表明:2种方法的计算结果在各齿切削面积分布规律上具有较高一致性,整体相对误差控制在5%以内;该方法能够更真实地反映PDC钻头单齿的实际切削区域,具备计算过程简洁、可视化表达直观等优势,在保证结果合理性的同时显著提升了建模与分析效率。所得结论可为PDC钻头的切削性能定量评价、磨损趋势分析及布齿参数优化提供一条可行的技术路径。
PDC bit is an important rock-breaking tool in drilling engineering. However, in soft-hard alternating, gravel-bearing, and composite formations, its drilling efficiency is often affected by uneven load distribution on cutters, which readily causes failure modes such as ring cutting and core pulling. Cutting-region analysis and cutting-area calculation are fundamental for bit working-load analysis, but traditional modeling methods suffer from low efficiency and cumbersome procedures under complex cutting conditions. To provide a theoretical basis for bit cutter arrangement optimization and performance improvement, a rapid cutting-area calculation method for PDC bits based on the coloring technique was proposed. For this method, the tooth-edge trajectory equation of a single cutter in the bit spatial coordinate system is established, MATLAB is used to plot the cutting-region image of each cutter, and the regions of the current cutter on the current and previous rows, and of the adjacent cutters are separately marked with red, black, and white. Through pixel-level classification and grayscale value conversion, the number of pixels for each color is counted to achieve automatic identification and area calculation of the cutting regions. To improve calculation accuracy, key parameters such as penetration depth and cutting sequence are introduced, and image superposition is used to identify the actual cutting overlap regions between cutters on the radial projection plane. Taking a
ϕ
215.9 mm PDC bit with 19 primary cutters as an example, the proposed method was compared with the traditional numerical integration method, indicating a good consistency in the cutting-area distribution pattern of each cutter, with an overall relative error controlled within 5%. The research results demonstrate that the proposed method can more realistically reflect the actual cutting region of each single cutter of the PDC bit, featu
ring a concise calculation process and intuitive visual representation. While ensuring the rationality of the results, it significantly improves modeling and analysis efficiency, providing a feasible technical approach for quantitative evaluation of cutting performance, wear trend analysis, and cutter arrangement optimization of PDC bits.
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