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1.中国石油大学(北京)油气资源与工程全国重点实验室
2.中国石油大学(北京) 油气光学探测技术北京市重点实验室
Received:01 August 2025,
Revised:2026-02-08,
Accepted:17 January 2026,
Published:25 September 2026
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谷子昂,史怀忠,赵子妍,等.泡沫发生器结构设计与优化[J].石油机械,2026,54(9):93-101.
Gu Ziang,Shi Huaizhong,Zhao Ziyan,et al.Structural design and optimization of foam generator[J].China Petroleum Machinery,2026,54(9):93-101.
谷子昂,史怀忠,赵子妍,等.泡沫发生器结构设计与优化[J].石油机械,2026,54(9):93-101. DOI: 10.12473/CPM.202508003.
Gu Ziang,Shi Huaizhong,Zhao Ziyan,et al.Structural design and optimization of foam generator[J].China Petroleum Machinery,2026,54(9):93-101. DOI: 10.12473/CPM.202508003.
泡沫发生器是氮气泡沫压裂的关键设备,但国内现有泡沫发生器应用场景多集中于冲砂洗井和泡沫驱油作业,其对致密油气藏压裂改造的适用性显著不足,亟需一种适用于氮气泡沫压裂特定工况的高性能泡沫发生器。基于氮气泡沫压裂施工原理与相关施工参数,结合现有发生器类型,设计了一种应用于氮气泡沫压裂的侧对冲式泡沫发生器。采用多相流模型、DPM(discrete phase model)模型及冲蚀损伤模型建立了泡沫发生器气-液-固多相流模型,模拟分析叶轮结构、设置位置、螺距及中心流道直径对气液混合效果的影响;结合固相颗粒对泡沫发生器的冲蚀速率,优化发生器结构参数,并开展现场试验验证其性能。研究结果表明:在泡沫发生器中设置叶轮可改善气液两相混合效果,混合效果随中心流道直径增大先提升后变差,随螺距增大逐渐变差;固相颗粒对泡沫发生器叶轮和流道壁面的冲蚀速率随螺距和中心流道直径增大均呈现降低趋势;叶轮设置位置对混合效果和冲蚀速率影响较小。最优结构参数为叶轮采用双叶片结构,圈数为1圈,螺距90 mm,叶轮距混合腔距离5 mm,中心流道直径80 mm。现场试验中,泡沫发生器成功应用于2段压裂作业,展现了良好的应用效果。研究成果有望为提升氮气泡沫压裂改造效果提供理论与设备支持。
The foam generator, as a key component of nitrogen foam fracturing, is mainly used domestically in sand washing and foam flooding operations, and is significantly inadequate for fracturing stimulation in tight oil and gas reservoirs. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a high-performance foam generator tailored to the specific operating conditions of nitrogen foam fracturing. Based on the operating principles and relevant parameters of nitrogen foam fracturing, and with reference to existing generator types, a counter-jet foam generator was designed for this application. A gas-liquid-solid multiphase flow model of the foam generator was established using a multiphase flow model, the discrete phase model (DPM), and an erosion model. Simulations were conducted to analyze the effects of impeller structure, installation position, pitch, and central-channel diameter on gas-liquid mixing efficiency. The structural parameters were then optimized by also considering the erosion rate caused by solid particles on the foam generator. Furthermore, field tests were conducted to validate the performance of the optimized foam generator. The results show that the installation of an impeller in the foam generator promotes gas-liquid mixing. The mixing efficiency first increases and then decreases with increasing central-channel diameter, while it gradually deteriorates with increasing impeller pitch. The erosion rates on the impeller and central-channel wall caused by solid particles decrease with increasing impeller pitch and central-channel diameter. The impeller installation position has little influence on either mixing efficiency or erosion rate. The optimal structural parameters are as follows: a dual-blade impeller with a single turn, an impeller pitch of 90 mm, an installation position 5 mm from the mixing chamber, and a central-channel diameter of 80 mm. In the field test, two-stage fracturing operations were successfully conducted, demonstrating satisfactory application of the optimized foam generator. This research is expected to provide theoretical and technical support for improving the effectiveness of foam fracturing stimulation.
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