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1.中国石油大学(北京)安全与海洋工程学院
2.中国石油集团安全环保技术研究院有限公司
Received:29 July 2025,
Revised:2026-07-20,
Accepted:12 February 2026,
Published:25 October 2026
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胡科铭,孙秉才,樊建春,等.油气井下泄漏定位方法研究现状及发展趋势[J].石油机械,2026,54(10):79-89.
Hu Keming,Sun Bingcai,Fan Jianchun,et al.Current status and development trend of downhole leakage localization methods for oil/gas wells[J].China Petroleum Machinery,2026,54(10):79-89.
胡科铭,孙秉才,樊建春,等.油气井下泄漏定位方法研究现状及发展趋势[J].石油机械,2026,54(10):79-89. DOI: 10.12473/CPM.202507092.
Hu Keming,Sun Bingcai,Fan Jianchun,et al.Current status and development trend of downhole leakage localization methods for oil/gas wells[J].China Petroleum Machinery,2026,54(10):79-89. DOI: 10.12473/CPM.202507092.
由于油气生产环境复杂,油套管长期面临高压、腐蚀和冲蚀等不利因素,易引发腐蚀穿孔,从而导致泄漏,引发重大安全事故。目前部分油气井由注水井转为注CO₂井,受管柱结构和内部环境变化的影响,出现腐蚀泄漏的概率大大提高。为此,围绕油套管的泄漏识别定位问题,调研了油套管泄漏识别定位技术现状,对比分析其优缺点和检测方法适用性,重点关注泄漏识别、泄漏点定位及多漏点检测等关键技术和方法,主要包括现有井下检测手段、地面检测技术和基于算法的泄漏定位技术。传统井下测井技术虽检测精度高,已取得一定效果,但大都需要动管柱作业,操作风险大且成本较高;地面检测技术可在不停产情况下进行泄漏检测,操作风险小且成本低,但目前现有的声波检测技术主要集中在液面以上的泄漏点定位,液面以下的泄漏由于信号衰减较大,传播路径跨介质,导致检测难度较高;对于基于算法的漏点定位技术,研究方法已从依赖明确物理模型的传统信号处理算法向机器学习与多源信息融合方向发展,突破单一方法的局限,提升定位精度。未来的研究可通过深化多源信息融合与智能化诊断提升泄漏监测系统的精确度和时效性,创新声波检测技术以提高液面以下漏点的识别定位能力。研究结果可为进一步推进多漏点检测和早期智能预警系统的发展提供理论依据。
Due to the complex environment of oil/gas production, casing and tubing are long-term exposed to adverse factors such as high pressure, corrosion, and erosion, which readily cause corrosion perforation, leading to leakage and major safety accidents. At present, some oil/gas wells have been converted from water injection wells to CO
2
injection wells, making them more probably to be prone to corrosion leakage due to changes in string configuration and internal environment. This paper reviews the current status of casing/tubing leakage identification and localization technologies, and compares their advantages and disadvantages, together with the applicability of detection methods. Key technologies and methods, especially for leakage identification, leak point localization, and multi-leak-point detection, are investigated, and these mainly include existing downhole detection methods, surface detection techniques, and algorithm-based leakage localization technologies. Although traditional downhole logging techniques offer high detection accuracy and have achieved certain results, most of them need to operate while the pipe string is moving, which involves high operational risks and costs. Surface detection techniques can work without production shutdown, with relatively low operational risks and costs; however, existing acoustic detection techniques mainly target leak points above the liquid level, but fail to capture leakages below the liquid level, which feature significant signal attenuation and cross-media propagation paths. The algorithm-based leak-point localization technologies have evolved from traditional signal processing algorithms relying on explicit physical models toward machine learning and multi-source information fusion, breaking through the limitations of single methods and improving localization accuracy. Future research should focus on advanced multi-source
information fusion and intelligent diagnosis to enhance the accuracy and timeliness of leakage monitoring systems, and on innovative acoustic detection technologies to improve the capability of identifying and localizing leak points below the liquid level. The findings provide a theoretical basis for further advancing multi-leak-point detection and early intelligent warning systems.
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