Bidirectional Pulsed Electric Field Enhancing Citric Acid Washing for Pb-Contaminated Soil Remediation

LI Qiao; JIN Jiyuan; LANG Jian; YANG Nairui; DING Sicheng; TICHAPONDWA Shepherd; DING Wenchuan

doi:10.1051/wujns/2026315500

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Bidirectional Pulsed Electric Field Enhancing Citric Acid Washing for Pb-Contaminated Soil Remediation

Environmental Science | 更新时间：2026-10-29

- Bidirectional Pulsed Electric Field Enhancing Citric Acid Washing for Pb-Contaminated Soil Remediation
- Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences Vol. 31, Issue 5, Pages: 500-506(2026)
- 作者机构：
  
  1.中国电建集团成都勘测设计研究院有限公司，四川成都 610072
  2.美国杜克大学化学系，北卡罗来纳达勒姆 27708
  3.南非比勒陀利亚大学化学工程系，豪登比勒陀利亚 0002
  4.重庆大学三峡库区生态环境教育部重点实验室，重庆 400045
- 作者简介：
  
  LI Qiao, male, Senior engineer, research direction: environmental pollution control engineering. E-mail: 418178795@qq.com
  E-mail: dingwenchuan@cqu.edu.cn
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.1051/wujns/2026315500
  CLC： X52
- Received：14 October 2025，
  
  Published：24 October 2026
- 稿件说明：
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李桥,金吉媛,郎建等.双向脉冲电场强化柠檬酸淋洗修复Pb污染土壤的研究[J].武汉大学学报自然科学英文版,2026,31(05):500-506.

LI Qiao, JIN Jiyuan, LANG Jian, et al. Bidirectional Pulsed Electric Field Enhancing Citric Acid Washing for Pb-Contaminated Soil Remediation[J]. Wuhan Univ J of Nat Sci, 2026, 31(5): 500-506.
李桥,金吉媛,郎建等.双向脉冲电场强化柠檬酸淋洗修复Pb污染土壤的研究[J].武汉大学学报自然科学英文版,2026,31(05):500-506. DOI： 10.1051/wujns/2026315500.

LI Qiao, JIN Jiyuan, LANG Jian, et al. Bidirectional Pulsed Electric Field Enhancing Citric Acid Washing for Pb-Contaminated Soil Remediation[J]. Wuhan Univ J of Nat Sci, 2026, 31(5): 500-506. DOI： 10.1051/wujns/2026315500.

摘要

降低淋洗剂消耗的同时显著提升重金属去除效率一直是重金属淋洗技术面临的关键挑战。为此，本研究采用双向脉冲电场辅助柠檬酸淋洗，对某废弃铅冶炼厂的铅污染土壤开展实验室规模的修复实验，评估了不同电场参数下Pb的淋洗效果并探讨其强化机理。结果表明，相较于单一柠檬酸淋洗，双向脉冲电场不同程度地提高了柠檬酸对Pb的去除效果。在脉冲频率0.08 Hz、电压24 V、占空比75%的条件下，通电处理6 h后Pb的去除率可提升至72.7%，较单一柠檬酸淋洗去除率提高22.4%，且柠檬酸消耗量减少50%。机制分析表明，双向脉冲电场通过影响土壤pH、提高土壤温度和增强离子电迁移，产生电渗和电冲击效应，促使Pb向酸可提取态转化，提高Pb的活性和与柠檬酸活性基团的反应几率，从而显著强化淋洗过程。研究结果表明，该技术能有效克服传统直流电场中电极极化与聚焦效应等问题，为发展快速、高效且更具工程可行性的土壤重金属修复方法提供技术支撑。

Abstract

Reducing leaching-agent consumption while simultaneously enhancing heavy-metal removal efficiency remains a major challenge for soil-washing technologies. In this study

a treatment assisted by a bidirectional pulsed electric field (BPEF) was integrated with citric acid washing to efficiently remediate Pb-contaminated soil from an abandoned lead smelter site. The washing performance under different electrical parameters was systematically evaluated

and the mechanism underlying electro-enhanced removal was preliminarily investigated. The results demonstrated that the BPEF significantly improved Pb removal compared with citric acid washing alone. The Pb removal rate reached 72.7% after 6 h of treatment under the conditions of a pulse frequency of 0.08 Hz

a voltage of 24 V

and a duty cycle of 75%

representing a 22.4% increase over citric acid treatment alone

while reducing citric acid consumption by 50%. Mechanistic analyses indicated that BPEF altered soil pH

increased soil temperature

and enhanced ion electromigration

thereby inducing electro-osmotic and electroshock effects. These coupled processes facilitate the transformation of Pb into a more acid-extractable fraction

increase its activity

and strengthen its interaction with the functional groups of citric acid

ultimately promoting the washing efficiency. Overall

this technique effectively overcomes the limitations associated with conventional direct-current electro-assisted washing

such as electrode polarization and focusing effects

thus providing a promising approach for developing rapid

efficient

and more engineering-feasible technologies for heavy-metal-contaminated soil remediation.

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references

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